OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi PETER ADAMSON MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY a history of philosophy without any gaps volume 4 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OXDP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. 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LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi For my father, David Adamson OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi CONTENTS Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Dates xvii Part I. Early Medieval Philosophy . Arts of Darkness—Introduction to Medieval Philosophy  . Charles in Charge—The Carolingian Renaissance  . Grace Notes—Eriugena and the Predestination Controversy  . Much Ado About Nothing—Eriugena’s Periphyseon  . Philosophers Anonymous—The Roots of Scholasticism  . Virgin Territory—Peter Damian on Changing the Past  . A Canterbury Tale—Anselm’s Life and Works  . Somebody’s Perfect—Anselm’s Ontological Argument  . All or Nothing—The Problem of Universals  . Get Thee to a Nunnery—Heloise and Abelard  . It’s the Thought that Counts—Abelard’s Ethics  . Learn Everything—The Victorines  . Like Father, like Son—Debating the Trinity  . On the Shoulders of Giants—Philosophy at Chartres  . The Good Book—Philosophy of Nature  . Oneof a Kind—Gilbert of Poitiers on Individuation  . Two Swords—Early Medieval Political Philosophy  vii OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi CONTENTS . Law and Order—Gratian and Peter Lombard  . Leading Light—Hildegard of Bingen  . Rediscovery Channel—Translations into Latin  . Straw Men—The Rise of the Universities  Part II. The Thirteenth Century . No Uncertain Terms—Thirteenth-Century Logic  . Full of Potential—Thirteenth-Century Physics  . Stayin’ Alive—Thirteenth-Century Psychology  . It’s All Good—The Transcendentals  . Do the Right Thing—Thirteenth-Century Ethics  . A Light that Never Goes Out—Robert Grosseteste  . Origin of Species—Roger Bacon  . Stairway to Heaven—Bonaventure  . Your Attention, Please—Peter Olivi  . None for Me, Thanks—Franciscan Poverty  . Begin the Beguine—Hadewijch and Mechthild of Magdeburg  . Binding Arbitration—Robert Kilwardby  . Animal, Vegetable, Mineral—Albert the Great’s Natural Philosophy  . The Shadow Knows—Albert the Great’s Metaphysics  . The Ox Heard round the World—Thomas Aquinas  . Everybody Needs Some Body—Aquinas on Soul and Knowledge  . What Comes Naturally—Ethics in Albert and Aquinas  . What Pleases the Prince—The Rule of Law  viii OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/8/2019,SPi CONTENTS . Onward Christian Soldiers—Just War Theory  . Paris when it Sizzles—The Condemnations  . Masters of the University—“Latin Averroists”  . The NeverEnding Story—The Eternity of the World  . Let Me Count the Ways—Speculative Grammar  . Love, Reign over Me—The Romance of the Rose  . Frequently Asked Questions—Henry of Ghent  . Here Comes the Son—The Trinity and the Eucharist  . Once and for All—Scotus on Being  . To Will or Not to Will—Scotus on Freedom  . On Command—Scotus on Ethics  . One in a Million—Scotus on Universals and Individuals  Part III. The Fourteenth Century . Time of the Signs—The Fourteenth Century  . After Virtue—Marguerite Porete  . To Hell and Back—Dante Alighieri  . Our Power is Real—The Clash of Church and State  . Render unto Caesar—Marsilius of Padua  . Do As You’re Told—Ockham on Ethics and Political Philosophy  . A Close Shave—Ockham’s Nominalism  . What Do You Think?—Ockham on Mental Language  . Keeping it Real—Responses to Ockham  . Back to the Future—Foreknowledgeand Predestination  . Trivial Pursuits—Fourteenth-Century Logic  ix