Urology ThirdEdition Urology Third Edition EDITEDBY Chris Dawson ConsultantUrologicalSurgeon PeterboroughandStamfordNHSFoundationTrust, Peterborough,UK Janine M. Nethercliffe ConsultantUrologicalSurgeon PeterboroughandStamfordNHSFoundationTrust,Peterborough,UK A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Thiseditionfirstpublished2012©2012byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd. BMJBooksisanimprintofBMJPublishingGroupLimited,usedunderlicencebyBlackwellPublishingwhichwasacquiredbyJohnWiley &SonsinFebruary2007.Blackwell’spublishingprogrammehasbeenmergedwithWiley’sglobalScientific,TechnicalandMedical businesstoformWiley-Blackwell. Registeredoffice: JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Editorialoffices: 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030-5774,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethe copyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. TherightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeUKCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyany means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct 1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnamesandproductnamesused inthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociated withanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationin regardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.If professionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. Thecontentsofthisworkareintendedtofurthergeneralscientificresearch,understanding,anddiscussiononlyandarenotintendedand shouldnotberelieduponasrecommendingorpromotingaspecificmethod,diagnosis,ortreatmentbyphysiciansforanyparticular patient.Thepublisherandtheauthormakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontents ofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimallwarranties,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesoffitnessforaparticularpurpose. Inviewofongoingresearch,equipmentmodifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflowofinformationrelating totheuseofmedicines,equipment,anddevices,thereaderisurgedtoreviewandevaluatetheinformationprovidedinthepackageinsert orinstructionsforeachmedicine,equipment,ordevicefor,amongotherthings,anychangesintheinstructionsorindicationofusageand foraddedwarningsandprecautions.Readersshouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.ThefactthatanorganizationorWebsite isreferredtointhisworkasacitationand/orapotentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthattheauthororthepublisher endorsestheinformationtheorganizationorWebsitemayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Further,readersshouldbeaware thatInternetWebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.No warrantymaybecreatedorextendedbyanypromotionalstatementsforthiswork.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefor anydamagesarisingherefrom. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ABCofUrology/editedbyChrisDawson,JanineM.Nethercliffe,–3rded. p.;cm. – (ABCseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-65717-1(pbk.) I.Dawson,Chris,MBBS.II.Nethercliffe,JanineM.III.Series:ABCseries(Malden,Mass.) [DNLM:1. UrologicDiseases–diagnosis. 2. UrologicDiseases–therapy. 3. GenitalDiseases,Male–diagnosis. 4. Genital Diseases,Male–therapy. WJ140] 616.6–dc23 2011044209 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Setin9.25/12MinionbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India 1 2012 Contents Contributors,vii Preface,ix 1 AssessmentoftheUrologicalPatient,1 DeborahSkennerton 2 GuidelinesfortheManagementofHaematuria,5 DanielSwallow 3 BladderOutflowObstruction,9 JamesAllan 4 UrinaryIncontinence,14 JanineM.Nethercliffe 5 UrologicalEmergencies,19 WilliamJ.G.Finch 6 SubfertilityandMaleSexualDysfunction,23 HelenHegarty 7 TheManagementofAdultUrinaryTractInfection,27 RichardCettiandSuzieVenn 8 ProstateCancer,31 SimonR.J.BottandStephenE.M.Langley 9 BladderCancer,37 PippaSangsterandAlanThompson 10 RenalCancer,42 EstherMcLarty,JonathanAningandSimonJ.Freeman 11 TesticularTumours,46 JessicaWrigley,AnneY.WarrenandDanishMazhar 12 UrinaryTractStoneDisease,51 FarooqA.Khan 13 TheRoleofLaparoscopyinUrology,56 RichardJohnstonandNimishShah 14 PaediatricUrology,61 PeterCuckow 15 UrologicalTrauma,66 TamsinGreenwell 16 PenileCancerandGenderReassignment,71 MajidShabbirandNimChristopher Index,77 v Contributors James Allan Richard Johnston ConsultantUrologist SeniorFellowinUrology StEdmondsHospital,BuryStEdmonds,Suffolk,UK Addenbrooke’sHospital,Cambridge,UK Jonathan Aning Farooq A. Khan SpecialistRegistrar ConsultantUrologist DepartmentofUrology,DerrifordHospital,Plymouth,UK Luton&DunstableFoundationNHSTrust,Luton,UK Simon R.J. Bott Stephen E.M. Langley ConsultantUrologist ProfessorofUrology FrimleyParkHospital,Surrey,UK TheRoyalSurreyCountyHospitalandStLuke’sCancerCentre, Surrey,UK Richard Cetti Danish Mazhar SpecialistRegistrar DepartmentofUrology,StRichard’sHospital,Chichester,WestSussex,UK ConsultantMedicalOncologist OncologyCentre,Addenbrooke’sHospital,Cambridge,UK Nim Christopher Esther McLarty ConsultantUrologist InstituteofUrology,UniversityCollegeLondonHospital, ConsultantUrologicalSurgeon London,UK DepartmentofUrology,DerrifordHospital,Plymouth,UK Peter Cuckow Janine M. Nethercliffe ConsultantPaediatricUrologist ConsultantUrologicalSurgeon GreatOrmondStreetHospital,London,UK PeterboroughandStamfordNHSFoundationTrust, Peterborough,UK William J.G. Finch Pippa Sangster SpecialtyRegistrarinUrology PeterboroughandStamfordHospitalsNHSFoundationTrust, UrologySpecialistRegistrar Peterborough,UK KingstonHospitalNHSTrust,KingstonUponThames,Surrey,UK Simon J. Freeman Majid Shabbir ConsultantRadiologist SeniorAndrologyFellow DerrifordHospital,Plymouth,UK DepartmentofAndrology,InstituteofUrology,UniversityCollege LondonHospital,London,UK Tamsin Greenwell Nimish Shah ConsultantUrologicalSurgeon HonorarySeniorLecturer,UniversityCollegeLondonHospitals, ConsultantUrologist London,UK Addenbrooke’sHospital,Cambridge,UK Helen Hegarty Deborah Skennerton ConsultantUrologicalSurgeon ConsultantUrologist SouthendUniversityHospitalNHSFoundationTrust,Essex,UK EpsomHospital,Surrey,UK vii