Andrews University SEMINARY STUDIES (cid:9) (cid:9) Volume 23 Number 2 Summer 1985 Andrews University Press ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES The Journal of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary of Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, U.S.A. Editor: KENNETH A. STRAND Associate Editors: RAOUL DEDEREN, LAWRENCE T. GERATY, GERHARD F. HASEL, WILLIAM H. HESSEL, ROBERT M. JOHNSTON, GEORGE R. KNIGHT, GEORGE E. RICE, LEONA G. RUNNING Book Review Editor: WILLIAM H. SHEA Editorial Assistant: ELLEN S. EASES Circulation Manager: ELLEN S. ERBES Editorial and Circulation Offices: AUSS, Seminary Hall, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, U.S.A. ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES publishes papers and brief notes on the following subjects: Biblical linguistics and its cognates, Biblical theology, textual criticism, exegesis, Biblical archaeology and geography, ancient history, church history, systematic theology, philosophy of religion, ethics, history of religions, missiology, and special areas relating to practice of ministry and to religious education. The opinions expressed in articles, brief notes, book reviews, etc., are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the editors. Subscription Information: ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES is published in the Spring, Summer, and Autumn. The subscription rate for 1985 is as follows: Foreign U.S.A. (in U.S.A. funds) Regular Subscriber (cid:9) $12.00" $13.50' Institutions (including Libraries) (cid:9) 15.00" 16.50' Students (cid:9) 9.50' 11.00' Retirees (cid:9) 9.50' 11.00' (Price for Single Copy is $6.00) 'NOTE: These are net rates for prepaid orders. A handling and service fee of $1.50 will be added if orders are to be billed. Subscribers should give full name and postal address when paying their subscriptions and should send notice of change of address at least five weeks before it is to take effect (old address as well as new address must be given). Send all communications to AUSS, Seminary Hall, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, U.S.A. Gunposition In Ersenbratin, Nino. IAke, IN 46590 Priming be Thoinsnn-tibiore, Inc.. Denier, MI 48130 ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES (cid:9) Volume 23 Summer 1985(cid:9) Number 2 CONTENTS ARTICLES ON HULDRYCH ZWINGLI STRAND, KENNETH A. Introductory Note: A Tribute to Huldrych Zwingli (cid:9) 131 (Includes a Brief Chronology of Zwingli's Career, pp. 134-142) GABLER, ULRICH. Huldrych Zwingli and His City of Zurich (cid:9) 143 GENERAL ARTICLES GANE, ERWIN R. The Exegetical Methods of Some Sixteenth- Century Roman Catholic Preachers in England: Fisher, Peryn, Bonner, and Watson—Part I (cid:9) 161 HEINZ, JoHANN. The "Summer That Will Never End": Luther's Longing for the "Dear Last Day" in His Sermon on Luke 21 (1531) (cid:9) 181 HERR, LARRY G. Is the Spelling of "Baalis" in Jeremiah 40:14 a Mutilation? (cid:9) 187 SHEA, WILLIAM H. Further Literary Structures in Daniel 2-7: An Analysis of Daniel 4 (cid:9) 193 BOOK REVIEWS 205 Elliott, John H. A Home for the Homeless: A Sociological Exegesis of 1 Peter, Its Situation and Strategy (cid:9) Pedrito U. Maynard-Reid Ellison, H. L. Exodus (cid:9) Lloyd A. Willis Geller, Stephen A.; Greenstein, Edward L.; and Berlin, Adele. A Sense of Text: The Art of Language in the Study of Biblical Literature (cid:9) William H. Shea Hocking, David L. The Nature of God in Plain Language (cid:9) (cid:9) Jon Paulien (cid:9) 130 CONTENTS Meyers, Carol L., and O'Connor, M., eds. The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman in Celebration of His Sixtieth Birthday (cid:9) William H. Shea Nash, Ronald H. Social Justice and the Christian Church (cid:9) (cid:9) Daniel Augsburger Neall, Beatrice S. The Concept of Character in the Apocalypse with Implications for Character Education (cid:9) Kenneth A. Strand Patterson, Bob E. Carl F. H. Henry (cid:9) Miroslav Ku BOOK NOTICES (cid:9) 221 ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES The Journal of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary of Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, U.S.A. The articles in this journal are indexed, abstracted, or listed in: Book Reviews of the Month; Elenchus Bibliographicus Biblicus; International Bibliography of the History of Religions; Internationale Zeitschriftenschau fur Bibelwissenschaft and Grenzgebiete; New Testament Abstracts; Old Testament Abstracts; Orientalistische Literaturzeitung; Orient-Press; Recently Published Articles (publication of the American Historical Association); Religion Index One: Periodicals (formerly Index to Religious Periodical Literature); Religious and Theological Abstracts; Seventh- day Adventist Periodical Index; Subject Index to Periodical Literature—Mosher Library; Theologische Zeitschrift; Zeitschrift far die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Copyright © 1985 by Andrews University Press(cid:9) ISSN 0003-2980 indrews University Seminary Studies, Summer 1985, Vol. 23, No. 2, 131-142. copyright © 1985 by Andrews University Press. INTRODUCTORY NOTE A TRIBUTE TO HULDRYCH ZWINGLI KENNETH A. STRAND AUSS Editor Last year, in follow-up of the Martin Luther Jubilee, AUSS devoted a full issue to this pioneer of sixteenth-century Protestant reformers, who had been given such widespread attention in 1983 on the five-hundredth anniversary of his birth. Although the quin- centennial of Huldrych Zwingli's birth in 1984 did not elicit the same degree of response, nevertheless Zwingli has been honored, both last year and this year, in various convocations and publications here and abroad. Although we have felt it inadvisable for AUSS to devote again a full issue to another personage of the sixteenth century — important though he may be—, we have deemed it appropriate to include as one of our main articles in each issue this year a presentation that in some way highlights the contributions of Zwingli. Accordingly, in our Spring number, we carried a study by J. Wayne Baker which, though dealing with a broader concern (dialogue and debate between Basel and Zurich on the matter of church disci- pline), does give a fair amount of attention to the pioneer Zurich reformer himself. In the present number, the major article which im- mediately follows this introductory note and chronological table is by world-renowned Zwingli specialist Ulrich Gabler, who probes certain questions at the "cutting edges" of present-day Zwingli research. The final article on Zwingli—planned for our Autumn issue—is being pre- pared by another authority on the Swiss Reformation, Daniel A. Augsburger, who will highlight important aspects of the Zurich re- former's career that have given him an enduring significance. Last year, in our AUSS Luther issue, we included a brief chrono- logical sketch of that Reformer's career—one taking note also of impor- tant events contemporary with Luther's life span. A similar brief chronological sketch of Zwingli's career is provided below, with notice again of certain important events which occurred in his lifetime. For further details concerning the Reformation in Germany, that earlier chronological table may be consulted (see AUSS 22 [1984]: 25-32). Before we proceed to the chronological sketch of Zwingli's life, a summary of the political situation in Switzerland during the time of his reformatory career in Zurich (1519-31) is appropriate. At that time, 131 132(cid:9) KENNETH A. STRAND Switzerland consisted of thirteen cantons in somewhat loose confedera- tion, plus some "common" and "allied" districts (of which more will be said below). The Confederation originated with the joining of three "forest" or "rural" cantons in 1291 — Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Uri. Ten further cantons entered the Confederation as follows: Lucerne (another "forest" canton) in 1332; Glarus and Zurich in 1351; Zug (also a "forest" canton) in 1352; Bern in 1353; Fribourg and Solothurn in 1481; Basel and Schaffhausen in 1501; and Appenzell in 1513. Nomi- nally, Switzerland was part of the Holy Roman Empire; but, by the Treaty of Basel of September 22, 1499, after a decisive Swiss victory over Emperor Maximilian's armies, the Confederation was assured of virtual political independence within the Empire. The Swiss were valiant soldiers; and by Zwingli's time, it had become customary to sell mercenary services (sometimes called "pensioning") to foreign powers, such as France, the Pope, and the Empire. During the second decade of the sixteenth century, Swiss troops fighting in Italy as mercenaries for the French suffered heavy losses — especially in 1515 at Marignano, where Zwingli himself was present as a chaplain. During the middle to late 1520s, four cantons converted quite thoroughly to the kind of evangelical faith promoted by Zwingli: namely, Zurich, Bern, Basel, and Schaffhausen. In Appenzell, some six of the eight districts also opted for the new faith; and Glarus was some- what more evenly divided between the two religious parties. On the other hand, cantons remaining staunchly within the Catholic camp were the five "forest cantons" of Lucerne, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Uri, and Zug, plus two cantons farther to the west — Fribourg and Solothurn. In addition to the thirteen cantons, there were in "Switzerland" various "allied districts," such as the Grisons ("Graubunden"), St. Gall, Neuchatel, and Valais. There were also "subject territories" or "com- mon bailiwicks," such as the Aargau, Thurgau, and Vaud. Most such territories became divided between the old and new faiths, but the Valais and certain other regions bordering on Italy adhered to Ca- tholicism. (Geneva, the Vaud, and Neuchatel eventually became Calvinistic.) Post-Zwinglian Switzerland saw various "allied districts" and "common bailiwicks" gain the status of cantons: Aargau, Geneva, Grisons, Neuchatel, St. Gall, Thurgau, Ticino, Valais, and Vaud. As for the city of Zurich itself, at the time of Zwingli's arrival in 1519 it was subject ecclesiastically to the Bishop of Constance—an allegiance broken as the city and canton turned Protestant. The politi- cal affairs were conducted by two burgomasters, a "Small Council" (Council of Fifty), and a "Great Council" (Council of Two Hundred). El "Forest Cantons"— GERMAN LANDS Catholic SWITZERLAND GERMIANA(cid:9)INA LNIADS SCHA ID Other catholic 1530 Cantons 0 Canton of Zurich 0 Further Cantons El Districts T R IB ti"Roz UT E T O H U L D R Y C H Z W IN G L I SAVOY (cid:9) MILAN MILES (each block 10 miles) KILOMETERS (each block 10 kilometers) KENNETH A. STRAND HULDRYCH ZWINGLI (from an oil painting by Hans Asper, produced shortly after Zwingli's death in 1531) A BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF ZWINGLI'S CAREER (WITH NOTICE OF CERTAIN SIGNIFICANT CONTEMPORARY EVENTS) Introductory Note: Inasmuch as no biographical sketch of Zwingli is given above, the entries in the "Zwingli" column are often more detailed than would otherwise be the case (see also the biographical highlights provided by Ulrich Gabler in his article in this issue of AUSS). In the "Other Events" column, references to Luther and the German Reforma- tion are sparse, inasmuch as a considerable amount of information in this regard has been provided earlier, in "Meet Martin Luther: An Introductory Biographical Sketch" and "A Brief Chronology of Luther's Career" in AUSS 22 (1984): 15-32. Date(cid:9) Zwingli(cid:9) Other Events 1484-1506 Early Life (Prepastoral Period) 1484(cid:9) Born in Wildhaus, Jan. 1 Innocent III becomes pope (1484-92) 1489-94 At Wesen with uncle (Bartholo- mew Zwingli); elementary Alexander VI becomes pope, schooling 1492 (1492-1503) Columbus lands in West Indies, 1492 Maximilian becomes emperor of Holy Roman Empire, 1493 (ruled 1493-1519) 1494-1500(cid:9) To Basel in 1494 (study under Gregory Biinzli); to Bern by (or before?) 1498 (study of classics in Vasco da Gama reaches India by school headed by Heinrich sea route, 1498 Wolflin) 1500-02(cid:9) In Vienna, university study (also perhaps an earlier matriculation in 1498?) TRIBUTE TO HULDRYCH ZWINGLI—CHRONOLOGY(cid:9) 135 Date Zwingli (cid:9) Other Events 1502-06 In Basel, university study; Pius III pope for less than a Bachelor of Arts, 1504; Master of month in 1503; Julius II becomes Arts, 1506 (Thomas Wyttenbach pope (1503-13) among professors) Heinrich Bullinger born, 1504 (lived 1504-75) 1506-16 Period of Service as Parish Priest in Glarus 1506 Appointed vicar in Glarus, to succeed Johannes Stucki; ordained priest on Sept. 29, celebrates 1st Mass in Wildhaus; takes up duties in Glarus in October John Calvin born, 1509 (lived 1509-64) Henry VIII accedes to English throne, 1509 (ruled 1509-47) Erasmus writes Praise of Folly, 1509 Roman Catholic 5th Lateran Council convenes, 1512 (1512-17) 1513(cid:9) Chaplain with Swiss mercenaries Leo X becomes pope (1513-21) at Battle of Novara 1514(cid:9) Dedication of a "Dialogue" (not extant) to Desiderius Erasmus (Zwingli a great admirer of the "Prince of Humanists" until at least 1519; breach developing thereafter, with a climax in 1523 when knight-humanist Ulrich von Hutten, in flight from Germany, was received warmly by Zwingli after being refused asylum by Erasmus) 1515(cid:9) Chaplain with Swiss mercenaries Francis I accedes to throne of at Battle of Marignano; heavy France (ruled 1515-47) death and injury toll leads 1st volume of humanistic Letters Zwingli to oppose Swiss merce- of the Obscure Men nary service, except for the pope The Or and Other Beasts (allegori- cal expression of Switzerland's position among surrounding powers, with opposition to Swiss mercenary service) 136(cid:9) KENNETH A. STRAND Date(cid:9) Zwingli Other Events 1516-18(cid:9) Period of Service as Chaplain in Einsiedeln (in Chapel of Benedictine Abbey) 1516(cid:9) Transfer to Einsiedeln because of 1st ed. of Erasmus's Novum animosity of French partisans in Instrumentum, 1516 (Greek NT, Glarus; becomes preacher in with Latin translation and notes) chapel of Benedictine abbey (Zwingli's leave from Glarus considered temporary, with an assistant priest officiating for him there) Beginning of exposition of the Gospel lections on the basis of sola scriptura (according to Zwingli's later recollection) 2d volume of Letters of the Obscure Men, 1517 Luther's 95 Theses, 1517 1518 Made pontifical acolyte Public attack (from pulpit) of monk Samson's sale of indulgences (Samson promptly recalled) Concluding sermon in Einsiedeln, Dec. 27 1519-31 Period of Service in the Great Minster of Zurich 1519 1st sermon as priest in the Great Charles I of Spain becomes Minster, Jan. 1 (begins exposition Emperor Charles V of Holy of Gospel of Matthew) Roman Empire (emperor, 1519- 56; d. 1558) Contact with some of Luther's early writings (mention in a letter Luther and Eck in Leipzig Debate in February) Stricken by Plague in September; recovery (his brother Andrew later died from Plague); deep religious reaction to the illness and recovery, expressed in hymn "Help, Lord God, Help in This Sore Strait"