Surface, Strategic & Deep Approaches to Learning Moscow May, 2011 Dr. Arshad Ahmad [email protected] Main Points • Teaching Centric • Student Centered • Deep, Strategic and Surface Approaches to Learning • Supercomplexity • Teach Less & Learn More or (TWMS) Surface, Strategic vs Marton F. and Säljö R. (1976) On qualitative differences in learning. I – Outcome and Process’ British Journal of Educational Psychology 46, pp. 4-11 Deep Learning Surface learners focused on parts of the article to memorize that they might be questioned on Deep learners engaged in an active search for meaning Strategic or Preformative learning directs effort to please authority