ATLASESINGEOSCIENCE,2 Atlas of Microbial Mat Features Preserved within the Siliciclastic Rock Record http://avaxho.me/blogs/ChrisRedfield This page intentionally left blank ATLASESINGEOSCIENCE,2 Atlas of Microbial Mat Features Preserved within the Siliciclastic Rock Record Edited by Juergen Schieber, Pradip K. Bose, Patrick G. Eriksson, Santanu Banerjee, Subir Sarkar, Wladyslaw Altermann and Octavian Catuneanu Amsterdam–Boston–Heidelberg–London–NewYork–Oxford–Paris SanDiego–SanFrancisco–Singapore–Sydney–Tokyo Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP,UK Firstedition2007 Copyright©2007ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying, recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0) 1865853333;email:permissions@elsevier.com.AlternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierwebsiteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/ permissions,andselectingObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,or fromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,in particular,independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-444-52859-9 ISSN:1574-1966 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com PrintedandboundinItaly 07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 List of Editors N.B. Note that the order of the editors for the book is as follows (the list below is alphabetically arranged for convenience):JuergenSchieber,PradipK.Bose,PatrickG.Eriksson,SantanuBanerjee,SubirSarkar,Wladyslaw AltermannandOctavianCatuneanu. Wladyslaw Altermann, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geology and GeoBioCenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunich,Luisenstrasse37,D-80333Munich,Germany;tel.:+4908921806552; fax:+4908921806514;e-mail:[email protected] Santanu Banerjee, Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India; tel.: +91 22 25768282;fax:+912225767253;e-mail:[email protected] Pradip K. Bose, Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India; tel.: +91 33 24146366;fax:+913324146781;e-mail:[email protected] OctavianCatuneanu,DepartmentofEarthandAtmosphericSciences,UniversityofAlberta,1-26EarthSciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3; tel.: +1 780 4926569; fax: +1 780 4927598; e-mail: octavian@ ualberta.ca Patrick G. Eriksson, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; tel.: +27 12 4202238;fax:+27123625219;e-mail:[email protected] Subir Sarkar, Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India; tel.: +91 33 24146366;fax:+913324146781;e-mail:[email protected] Juergen Schieber, Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; tel.: +18128564740(lab),+18128555322(office);fax:+18128557899;e-mail:[email protected] v This page intentionally left blank List of Authors Wladyslaw Altermann, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geology and GeoBioCenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunich,Luisenstrasse37,D-80333Munich,Germany;tel.:+4908921806552; fax:+4908921806514;e-mail:[email protected] Santanu Banerjee, Department of Earth Sciences, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India; tel.: +91 22 25768282;fax:+912225767253;e-mail:[email protected] KevinM.Bohacs,ExxonMobilUpstreamResearchCompany,3120BuffaloSpeedway,Houston,TX77096,USA; tel.:+17134317799;fax:+17134316310;e-mail:[email protected] ElHafidBouougri,DepartmentofGeology,FacultyofSciencesSemlalia,Cadi-AyyadUniversity,P.O.Box2390, Marrakech40000,Morocco;tel.:+21224434649;fax:+21224437411;e-mail:[email protected] Pradip K. Bose, Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India; tel.: +91 33 24146366;fax:+913324146781;e-mail:[email protected] DavidJ.Bottjer,DepartmentofEarthSciences,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,3651TrousdaleParkway,Los Angeles,CA90089-0740,USA;tel.:+12137406100;e-mail:[email protected] Adam J. Bumby, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; tel.: +27 12 4203316;fax:+27123625219;e-mail:[email protected] OctavianCatuneanu,DepartmentofEarthandAtmosphericSciences,UniversityofAlberta,1-26EarthSciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3; tel.: +1 780 4926569; fax: +1 780 4927598; e-mail: octavian@ ualberta.ca SnehasisChakraborty,DepartmentofGeologicalSciences,JadavpurUniversity,Kolkata-700032,India;tel.:+91 3324146366;fax:+913324146781 AsruK.Chaudhuri,DepartmentofGeologicalSciences,IndianStatisticalInstitute,Kolkata-700108,India;fax: +913325773026;e-mail:[email protected] JeffreyR.Chiarenzelli,DepartmentofGeology,St.LawrenceUniversity,147BrownHall,Canton,NY13617, USA;tel.:+13152295202;fax:+13152295804;e-mail:[email protected] JohnAllanDonaldson,Ottawa–CarletonGeoscienceCentre,CarletonUniversity,ColonelByDrive,Ottawa,ON K1S5B6,Canada;tel.:+16132256427;e-mail:[email protected] StephenQ.Dornbos,DepartmentofGeosciences,LaphamHall,UniversityofWisconsin–Milwaukee,P.O.Box 413,Milwaukee,WI53201,USA;tel.:+14142296630;fax:+14142295452;e-mail:[email protected] Patrick G. Eriksson, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; tel.: +27 12 4202238;fax:+27123625219;e-mail:[email protected] GiselaGerdes,SenckenbergResearchInstitute,DepartmentofMarineScience,postaladdress:ResearchCentre Terramare,Schleusenstrasse1,D-26382Wilhelmshaven,Germany;tel.:+494421944188;fax:+494421944299; e-mail:[email protected] J. Ghergut, Department of Applied Geology, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum Göttingen, Universität Göttin- gen, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; tel.: +49 551 399707; fax: +49 551 399379; e-mail: [email protected] vii viii ListofAuthors MihaelaGlamoclija,DepartmentofGeologicalSciences,IndianaUniversity,1001East10thStreet,Bloomington, IN47405,USA;e-mail:[email protected] JamesW.Hagadorn,DepartmentofGeology,AmherstCollege,Amherst,MA01002,USA;tel.:+14135422714; fax:+14135422713;e-mail:[email protected] Christopher K. Junium, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA NoraNoffke,OldDominionUniversity,Ocean,Earth&AtmosphericSciences,4600ElkhornAvenue,Norfolk, VA23529,USA;tel.:+17576833313;fax:+17576835303;e-mail:[email protected] SarbaniPatranabis-Deb,DepartmentofGeologicalSciences,IndianStatisticalInstitute,Kolkata-700108,India; tel.:+913325753158;fax:+913325773026;e-mail:[email protected] HubertusPorada,DepartmentofAppliedGeology,GeowissenschaftlichesZentrumGöttingen,UniversitätGöt- tingen,Goldschmidtstrasse3,D-37077Göttingen,Germany;tel.:+49551397917;fax:+49551399379;e-mail: [email protected] Subir Sarkar, Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India; tel.: +91 33 24146366;fax:+913324146781;e-mail:[email protected] Juergen Schieber, Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; tel.: +18128564740(lab),+18128555322(office);fax:+18128557899;e-mail:[email protected] Sohini Sur, School of Geology and Geophysics, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; tel.: +14052277493;e-mail:[email protected] Acknowledgements OctavianCatuneanuacknowledgesresearchsupportfromtheNaturalSciencesandEngineeringResearchCoun- cilofCanada(NSERC)andtheUniversityofAlberta.GiselaGerdeswishestothankthefollowingcolleaguesand institutesforhelpindigitisingphotographs:RolfKiene,NiedersächsischesLandesinstitutfürhistorischeKüsten- forschungWilhelmshaven;FritzRiedinger,JensKahle,ResearchCentreTerramare,Wilhelmshaven.Platefigures are in part from projects supported financially by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): grant GE 64/1, GE 64/6-1, Kr 333/22-1, 2. Santanu Banerjee acknowledges IIT Bombay and the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for research support. Subir Sarkar and Pradip Bose acknowledge financial helpfromtheDepartmentofScienceandTechnology,GovernmentofIndia,andfromJadavpurUniversity,Kolkata. PatErikssonthankstheUniversityofPretoriaforfinancialsupport,Mrs.M.deSwardtforlogisticalhelpandMrs. M. Geringer for her considerable assistance with images. Pat Eriksson and Adam Bumby thank Igor Tonzetic for his very valuable help during fieldwork in the Waterberg Group, South Africa and for his photographic ex- pertise.JuergenSchieberacknowledgessupportfromarangeoforganisationsthatsponsoredresearchinvolving microbialmatsinterrigenousclastics.TheseorganisationsincludetheNationalScienceFoundation(grantsEAR- 9117701, EAR-9706178, EAR-0073995, EAR-0318769, EAR-0308921), the Petroleum Research Fund (grants 25134-AC2, 33941-AC8, 38523-AC8), NASA (EXB04-0017-0111), Anaconda Minerals Co., Exxon Production ResearchLabs.,andChevronTexaco. The following referees are acknowledged for their contributions: Patrick G. Eriksson (Univ. of Pretoria, South Africa), Gisela Gerdes (Senckenberg Research Institute, Wilhelmshaven, Germany), Juergen Schieber (Indiana Univ., Bloomington, USA), Juergen Schneider (Göttingen Univ., Germany) and Bruce Simonson (Oberlin Col- lege,USA).Editingdutiesweredistributedamongstthechaptersasfollows:JuergenSchieberandPatrickEriks- son (Chapters 1, 9 and 10), Wladyslaw Altermann (Chapter 2), Juergen Schieber (Chapters 3 and 7), Octavian Catuneanu(Chapter4),PatrickEriksson(Chapter5),SubirSarkar(Chapter6),SantanuBanerjee(Chapter8and referencelist). ix