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Bronchiectasis and Lung abscess PDF
Preview Bronchiectasis and Lung abscess
Bronchiectasis and Lung abscess Deepak Aggarwal Dept of Pulmonary Medicine Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh • Bronchiectasis is defined as permanent and abnormal dilatation of the bronchi • It is a radiological/pathological diagnosis • Generally speaking, a bronchus is considered to be dilated if the broncho‐arterial ratio (its internal diameter divided by the diameter of its accompanying artery) exceeds 1 • Affects lower lobes preferentially – Permanent dilation of bronchi – peri‐bronchial inflammation and organization (fibrosis) – Can sometimes see mucopurulent debris in bronchioles Pathophysiology • Principally affects the medium‐sized bronchi, but often extends to the more distal bronchi and bronchioles. • The affected bronchi show transmural inflammation, mucosal edema, cratering, ulceration, and neovascularization. • The bronchial epithelium may show a polypoidal appearance due to underlying granuloma formation and mucosal prominence. • Dilated and tortuous bronchial arteries may be seen secondary to the development of extensive bronchial‐ pulmonary anastomoses. Microscopically…… • Bronchiectasis is associated with – Loss of cilia, – Cuboidal and squamous metaplasia, – Hypertrophy of bronchial glands, and lymphoid hyperplasia. – Intense infiltration of the bronchial wall with neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes