Building Militaries in Fragile States This page intentionally left blank Building Militaries in Fragile States Challenges for the United States Mara E. Karlin UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PHILADELPHIA Copyright(cid:2)2018UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsusedforpurposesofrevieworscholarly citation,noneofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanymeanswithout writtenpermissionfromthepublisher. Publishedby UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Karlin,MaraE.,author. Title:Buildingmilitariesinfragilestates:challengesfortheUnitedStates/MaraE. Karlin. Description:1stedition.(cid:2)Philadelphia:UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress,[2018](cid:2) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2017026862(cid:2)ISBN9780812249262(hardcover:alk.paper) Subjects:LCSH:SecurityAssistanceProgram.(cid:2)Militaryassistance, American—Evaluation.(cid:2)Militaryassistance,American—Greece—Evaluation.(cid:2) Militaryassistance,American—Vietnam(Republic)—Evaluation.(cid:2)Military assistance,American—Lebanon—Evaluation.(cid:2)UnitedStates—Foreign relations—20thcentury. Classification:LCCUA12.K2862018(cid:2)DDC355/.0320973—dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017026862 ToCDK,HRK,TBR,andRSJ This page intentionally left blank Howeverbeautifulthestrategy,youshouldoccasionallylookattheresults. —WinstonChurchill This page intentionally left blank C o n t e n t s Chapter1.UnderstandingtheProblem 1 Chapter2.Greece:The“WilltoWin”WasFruitless WithoutU.S.Involvement 20 Chapter3.SouthVietnam:BuildingaMilitary“AmericanStyle” 65 Chapter4.LebanonI:“TheUnitedStatesIsShortofBreath” butOthersAreNot 108 Chapter5.LebanonII:“TheSideThatWonWasWilling toKillandBeKilled” 148 Chapter6.FindingsandImplications 193 Notes 205 Bibliography 255 Index 273 Acknowledgments 281