Chapter NR 538, Wis. Adm. Code  Beneficial Reuse of Industrial Byproduct March 27, 2015   FET Sustainability Webinar Ruth O’Donnell, WDNR NR 538 QUICK OVERVIEW  Established January 1, 1998  Goal = encourage beneficial use of industrial  byproducts in a nuisance‐free and environmentally   sound manner http://www.we-energies.com/environmental/CoalCombustionProducts_2K11018.pdf WISCONSIN INDUSTRIAL BYPRODUCTS  2000 – 2013 29.5 million yd3 s available d r a y c i b u 19.6 million yd3 c n used o i l l i M  NR 538.03(4) Specific high‐volume industrial  byproducts:   paper mill sludge,  coal ash,  flue gas desulfurization material,  foundry sand & slag,  lime kiln dust,  Other non‐hazardous solid waste with similar  characteristics    Creates 5 categories of industrial byproducts  Specific uses are allowed for each category Industrial Byproducts  RCRA non‐hazardous   Category (1‐5) assigned based on lab analysis   ASTM Water Leach Test mg/L Total Elemental Analysis mg/kg  Potential risk to human health & the environment Category 1 = few restrictions on use  Category 5 = most restrictions on use & placement   Category standards based on: NR 140 (drinking water) NR 105 (surface water quality)   NR 720 (soil cleanup) Industrial Byproduct Beneficial Uses Projects Category NR 538, Appendix I NR 538.10 5 4 3 2 1 Table 4  x x x x x (1) Raw Material for Manufacturing a Product (2) Waste Stabilization / Solidification x x x x x (3) Supplemental Fuel Source / Energy Recovery x x x x x (4) Landfill Daily Cover / Internal Structures at landfills having a leachate x x x x x collection system (5) Confined Geotechnical Fill *Byproducts and uses  (a) commercial, industrial or institutional building subbase need to meet structural  (b) paved lot base, subbase& subgrade fill (c ) paved roadway base, subbase& subgrade fill and physical specifications  (d) utility trench backfill (e) bridge abutment backfill and generally accepted  (f) tank, vault or tunnel abandonment x x x x (g) slabjackingmaterial engineering practices for  (h) soil and pavement base stabilization for structural improvements listed in (5)(a) -(c) the use.  (i) controlled low strength material (flowable) fill for structural improvements listed in (5)(a), (d), (e) and (f) Obligated to meet all  (6) Encapsulated Transportation Facility Embankment x x x x other Federal, State &  (7) Capped Transportation Facility Embankment Local permits, zoning and  x x x regulatory requirements  (8) Unconfined Geotechnical Fill x x x that may apply.  (9) UnbondedSurface Course x x (10) Bonded Surface Course x x (11) Bonded Surface Course (Federal, state or municipal roadways) x x x (12) Decorative Stone x x (13) Cold Weather Abrasive X x Regulatory Requirement Overview*   Initial & annual reporting   Industrial byproduct testing   Storage & transportation requirements   Project‐specific specifications  Placement restrictions   Public participation process for large projects  Submittal of notification to DNR requesting  project concurrence required with some projects  Property owner notification  Environmental monitoring – large volume DOT  embankment projects * see code for all requirements Coal Combustion Residuals  Bottom Ash – coarse to fine‐grain, sand‐like   Structural fills, road bases and sub-bases, aggregate for concrete, asphalt and masonry,  Fly Ash – fine powder, silt, cementitious  SiO +Al O +Fe O 2 2 3 2 3  Concrete, structural fills, asphalt, soil stabilization  Flue gas desulfurization gypsum ‐ CaSO 4  Agricultural soil amendment*, source of plant nutrients Ca & S, wallboard, cement manufacturing and concrete production *as allowed by NR 538.08(7) Foundry Byproducts  Spent sand from mold process   Geotechnical & structural fills, paved roadway base, sub-base, embankments  Slag  Cement manufacturing, aggregate replacement Category 2 Paper Mill Byproduct   Pulping sludge used as raw material to make “soil”* *as allowed by NR 538.08(7)   Used in mine reclamation, on landfills for fill purposes or to  establish rooting zone for final grass cover