IImmpprroovviinngg PPeeddeessttrriiaann AAmmeenniittyy iinn City Centres Chris Vallyon, Shane Turner, Shane Binder [email protected] CBD Environments CBD Planning "AAss tthhiinnggss ssttoooodd nnooww, aa ddoowwnnttoowwnn sshhooppppeerr nneeeeddeedd aa ffoouurr--lleeaaff cclloovveerr, aa voodoo charm, and a St. Christopher's medal to make it in one piece from one curbstone to the other” - Henry Barnes Research locations TThhree ciittiies iinvollvedd:  Auckland  Wellington  Christchurch RReesseeaarrcchh ccoommppoonneennttss  Focus on Central Business Districts ((CBD)) / Cityy Centre environments  LLiitteerraattuurree rreevviieeww // iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaall pprraaccttiiccee  14 intersections, 12noon to 1:30pm  811 pedestrian interviews  11,446655 wwaaiitt ttiimmee ppeeddeessttrriiaann oobbsseerrvvaattiioonnss  Deterministic: aaSidra  Micro-simulation modelling: S-Paramics, Aimsun  SSttaakkeehhoollddeerr sstteeeerriinngg ggrroouupp FFiinnddiinnggss:: OObbsseerrvvaattiioonnss  Recommended wait time: 25-30 seconds (International literature)  Average Delay – Auckland – 53 seconds  Average Delay – Wellington – 45 seconds  AAvveerraaggee DDeellaayy – CChhrriissttcchhuurrcchh – 2255 sseeccoonnddss  Combined Average – 41 seconds ((11,446655 obbservattiions)) CCoommpplleexxiittiieess ooff ppeedd rreesseeaarrcchh  Identifying pedestrian delay  Identifying ‘average’ walk speeds  MModdelllliing peddesttriian bbehhaviiour // moddell lliimiittattiions FFiinnddiinnggss –– LLiitteerraattuurree  Link between delayy and frustration  Link between delay and ignoring / avoiding signals  TThhereffore: lliinkk bbettween ddellay andd roadd saffetty – (but non-linear & difficult to quantify)  >9900%% ooff ppeeddeessttrriiaannss ssuurrvveeyyeedd ssttaatteedd tthhaatt tthheeyy would cross on a red or flashing red Comppliance risk ~= delay vs. perception of safety (including volume & gap intervals) PPeeddeessttrriiaann PPrriioorriittyy  Most pedestrian trips are short duration (less than 10 minutes)  TThheerreeffoorree – ccrroossssiinngg ddeellaayyss aarree aa pprriimmaarryy ffeeaattuurree ooff pedestrian trips  EEachh miinutte off ddellay >> ++1100%% ttottall ttiime  VOT “low” in NZ but VOT of delay = very high MMiiccrroo ssiimmuullaattiioonn mmooddeellss  Intersections: – Lake Road, Takapuna, Auckland (Aimsun) – Albert / Customs / Fanshawe Street, Auckland (Aimsun) – TTaranakkii // CCourttney // MManners // Dixon, Wellington (Paramics)