What works in education? How do we know? How can teachers  find out? How can educational research find its way into the classroom? How can we apply  it to help our individual students?     Questions like these arise in most schools, and busy educators often don't have time to  find the answers. Robert J. Marzano, Debra J. Pickering, and Jane E. Pollock have  examined decades of research findings to distill the results into nine broad teaching  strategies that have positive effects on student learning:        * Identifying similarities and differences.     * Summarizing and note taking.     * Reinforcing effort and providing recognition.     * Homework and practice.     * Nonlinguistic representations.     * Cooperative learning.     * Setting objectives and providing feedback.     * Generating and testing hypotheses.     * Questions, cues, and advance organizers.    This list is not new. But what is surprising is finding out what a big difference it  makes, for example, when students learn how to take good notes, work in groups, and use  graphic organizers. The authors provide statistical effect sizes and show how these  translate into percentile gains for students, for each strategy. And each chapter  presents extended classroom examples of teachers and students in action; models of  successful instruction; and many "frames," rubrics, organizers, and charts to help teachers  plan and implement the strategies.

Classroom Instruction That Works: Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement PDF

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