COMPATIBLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Managing Forest Ecosystems Volume 8 Series Editors: Klaus von Gadow Georg-August-University, Gottingen,Germany Timo Pukkala University ofJoensuu, Joensuu, Finland and MargaridaTome lnstitutoSuperiordeAgronom(a, Lisbon, Portugal Aims & Scope: Well-managed forests and woodlands are arenewable resource, producing essential raw material withminimum wasteandenergyuse.Richinhabitatandspeciesdiversity,forestsmaycontribute to increased ecosystem stability. They can absorb the effects of unwanted deposition and other disturbancesandprotect neighbouring ecosystems bymaintaining stable nutrientandenergycycles and by preventing soil degradation and erosion.They provide much-needed recreation and their continued existence contributes tostabilizing ruralcommunities. Forestsaremanagedfortimberproduction andspecies,habitatandprocessconservation. Asubtle shift from multiple-use managementto ecosystems managementis being observed and the new ecological perspectiveofmulti-functionalforestmanagementisbasedontheprinciplesofecosystem diversity,stabilityandelasticity,andthedynamicequilibrium ofprimaryandsecondary production. Making full use of new technology isone of the challenges facing forest management today. Resourceinformation mustbeobtainedwithalimitedbudget.Thisrequiresbettertimingofresource assessment activities and improved use of multiple data sources.Sound ecosystems management, likeanyother management activity,reliesoneffectiveforecasting andoperational control. The aim of thebook seriesManaging Forest Ecosystems isto present state-of-the-artresearch results relating to the practice of forest management. Contributions are solicited from prominent authors.Each reference book, monograph or proceedings volume will be focused to deal with a specific context. Typical issues of the series are: resource assessment techniques, evaluating sustainability foreven-agedanduneven-agedforests,multi-objective management, predicting forest development, optimizing forest management, biodiversity management and monitoring, risk assessment andeconomic analysis. Compatible Forest Management Edited by Robert A. Monserud USDAForestService PacificNorthwestResearch, Portland,Oregon,U.S.A. Richard W. Haynes USDAForestService PacificNorthwest Research, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. and Adelaide C. Johnson USDA ForestService PacificNorthwestResearch, Juneau,AK, U.S.A. Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Ac.I.P.Catalogue record for this book isavailablefrom the LibraryofCongress. ISBN978-90-481-6388-5 ISBN978-94-017-0309-3(eBook) 00110.1007/978-94-017-0309-3 Printedonacid-freepaper All Rights Reserved © 2003SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrccht OriginallypublishedbyKluwerAcademicPublishersin2003. Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2003 No part of thiswork maybereproduced,storedinaretrieval system,or transmitted inany form or byanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recording or otherwise, withoutwritten permission from the Publisher,with theexception ofany materialsuppliedspecificallyfor the purposeofbeing entered and executedon acomputersystem,forexclusive use bythe purchaserof the work. Contents Contributors VlI Foreword xiii Unit conversion table xv Color plates XVlI Introduction Chapter 1.Compatible Forest Management: Background and Context 3 Richard W Haynes,Robert A.Monserud, andAdelaide C.Johnson Section I-Research Examples 33 Chapter 2.The Production PossibilitiesApproach to Understanding and Modeling Compatibility 35 ClaireA.Montgomery Chapter 3.Compatible Management ofRedAlder-Conifer Ecosystems in SoutheasternAlaska 55 MarkS. Wipfli, Robert L.Deal,PaulE. Hennon, Adelaide C.Johnson,Richard T Edwards, ToniL.De Santo, Takashi Gomi,Ewa H. Orlikowska,Mason D.Bryant,MarkE. Schultz, ChristianLeSage, Ryan Kimbirauskus, andDavid V. D'Amore Section 2-Silviculture and Modeling 83 Chapter 4. Managing Structural and Compositional Diversity with Silviculture 85 Susan Stevens Hummel Chapter 5. ExperimentalApproaches to Joint 121 Forest Production RobertA. Monserud Chapter 6.Modeling Stand Growth and Management 145 RobertA. Monserud Chapter 7.Modeling Landscape Management 177 RobertA. Monserud v Section 3-Larger Scales 209 Chapter 8.The Importance ofScale inAssessing the Compatibility ofForest Commodities and Biodiversity 211 ThomasA.Spies and K. NormanJohnson Chapter 9. Landscape Management: Diversity of Approaches and Points ofComparison 237 FrederickJ Swanson.John H Cissel, andAllison Reger Chapter 10. Contemporary Management Regimes in the Pacific Northwest: Balancing Biophysical and Economic Concerns 267 Richard W Haynes, DariusM. Adams, andJohn R.Mills Section 4-Aspects ofManagement 297 Chapter 11.Managing for Wood Quality 299 R.James Barbour,David D.Marshall, and Eini C.Lowell Chapter 12.Compatible Management ofUnderstory Forest Resources and Timber 337 Becky K. Kerns,DavidPilz,Heidi Ballard, and SusanJ Alexander Chapter 13. ManagingAccess to NontimberForest Products 383 SusanJ Alexander;and RogerD.Fight Chapter 14.Managing for Wildlife:AKey Component for SocialAcceptance ofCompatible Forest Management 401 Andrew B. Carey Section 5-Social Aspects 427 Chapter 15. Social Valuesand Compatible Forest Management 429 EllenM. Donoghue Chapter 16.Fostering Compatible Forest Resource Management: The Conditional Nature ofSocialAcceptability 453 George H Stankey,RogerN. Clark, andJohn Bliss Section 6-Conclusion 481 Chapter 17.The Search for Compatibility: What Have WeLearned? 483 RobertA.Monserud, Richard W Haynes. andAdelaide C.Johnson VI Contributors Darius M.Adams Department ofForest Resources,College ofForestry, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA [email protected] Susan J.Alexander USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way,Corvallis, OR 97331, USA [email protected] Heidi Ballard Department ofEnvironmental Science, Policy and Management, University ofCalifornia, 151 Hilgard Hall #3110, Berkeley, CA94720, USA [email protected] R. James Barbour USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA [email protected] John Bliss Department ofForest Resources,College ofForestry, Oregon State University Corvallis,OR 97331, USA [email protected] Mason D. Bryant USDA Forest Service,Pacific Northwest Research Station 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801,USA [email protected] Andrew B. Carey USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 3625 93rdAve., Olympia, WA98512, USA [email protected] VII CONTRIBUTORS John H. Cissel USDI Bureau ofLand Management 3200 SW Jefferson Way,Corvallis, OR 97331, USA [email protected] Roger N.Clark USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 400 N 34th St. Suite 201, Seattle, WA98103, USA [email protected] David V. D'Amore USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801, USA [email protected] Robert L. Deal USDAForest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400,Portland, OR 97205, USA [email protected] ToniL. De Santo USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801, USA [email protected] Ellen M. Donoghue USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400,Portland, OR 97205,USA [email protected] Richard T.Edwards USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801, USA [email protected] Roger D. Fight USDAForest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA [email protected] Takashi Gomi Department ofGeography, University ofBritish Columbia 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, British ColumbiaVV6T IZ2, Canada [email protected] viii CONTRIBUTORS Richard W.Haynes USDA Forest Service,Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400,Portland, OR 97205, USA [email protected] Paul E. Hennon USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 2770 Sherwood Lane,Juneau, AK 99801, USA [email protected] Susan Stevens Hummel USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA [email protected] Adelaide C. Johnson USDA Forest Service,Pacific Northwest Research Station 2770 SherwoodLane,Juneau,AK 99801, USA [email protected] K. Norman Johnson Department ofForest Resources, College ofForestry, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA [email protected] Becky K. Kerns USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SWJefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA [email protected] Ryan Kimbirauskus Department ofEntomology, Michigan State University E. Lansing, MI 48824, USA [email protected] Christian LeSage Department ofEntomology, Michigan State University E.Lansing, MI 48824, USA [email protected] IX CONTRIBUTORS Eini C. Lowell USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA [email protected] David D. Marshall USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 3625 93rdAve., Olympia, WA98512, USA [email protected] John R. Mills USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA [email protected] Robert A. Monserud USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station 620 SW Main St., Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205, USA [email protected] Claire A. Montgomery Department ofForest Resources, College ofForestry, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA [email protected] Ewa H. Orlikowska USDA Forest Service,Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Juneau, AK 99801, USA [email protected] David Pilz Department ofForest Science, College ofForestry Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, [email protected] Allison Reger USDA Forest Service, Willamette National Forest Box 10607, Eugene, OR 97440, USA [email protected] x