This volume in the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 
Second Edition, combines the main features of Game Theory, covering most
 of the fundamental theoretical aspects under the cooperative and 
non-cooperative approaches, with the procedures of Agent-Based Modeling 
for&nbsp;studying complex systems composed of a large number of 
interacting entities with many degrees of freedom. In Game Theory, the 
cooperative approach focuses on the possible outcomes of the 
decision-makers’ interaction by abstracting from the "rational" actions 
or decisions that may lead to these outcomes. The non-cooperative 
approach focuses on the actions that the decision-makers can take. As 
John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern argued in their path-breaking 
book of 1944 entitled Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, most economic questions should be analyzed as games.&nbsp;The
 models of game theory are abstract representations of a number of 
real-life situations and have applications to economics, political 
science, computer science, evolutionary biology, social psychology, and 
law among others.&nbsp;Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) is a relatively new 
computational modeling paradigm which aims&nbsp;to construct the 
computational counterpart of a conceptual model of the system under 
study on the basis of discrete entities (i.e., the agent) with some 
properties and behavioral rules, and then to simulate them in a computer
 to mimic the real phenomena. Given the relative immaturity of this 
modeling paradigm, and the broad spectrum of disciplines in which it is 
applied, a clear cut and widely accepted definition of high level 
concepts of agents, environment, interactions and so on, is still 
lacking. This volume explores the state-of-the-art in the development of
 a real ABM ontology to address the epistemological issues related to 
this emerging paradigm for modeling complex systems.&nbsp;

Complex Social and Behavioral Systems PDF

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