Confucian Ren and Feminist Ethics of Care Confucian Ren and Feminist Ethics of Care Integrating Relational Self, Power, and Democracy Lijun Yuan LEXINGTONBOOKS Lanham•Boulder•NewYork• London PublishedbyLexingtonBooks AnimprintofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 6TinworthStreet,LondonSE115AL Copyright©2019byTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Yuan,Lijun,1951-author. Title:Confucianrenandfeministethicsofcare:integratingrelational self,power,anddemocracy/LijunYuan. Description:Lanham:LexingtonBooks,[2019]|Includesbibliographical referencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2018048423(print)|LCCN2019006219(ebook)|ISBN 9781498558198(Electronic)|ISBN9781498558181(cloth:alk.paper) Subjects:LCSH:Confucianism.|Feministethics.|Caring. Classification:LCCBL1853(ebook)|LCCBL1853.Y832019(print)|DDC 170.951—dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018048423 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Inmemoryofmyparents Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 I:OntologicalOneness 11 1 StrengthandWeaknessofEarlyConfucianEthicsonWomen 13 2 ADebateaboutMinbenandMinzhu:TowardCaringDemocracy 27 II:MethodologicalDimensions 51 3 FeministCritiquesofGenderInequalityandEthicsofCare: TowardCaringDemocracy 53 4 NotionsofReciprocity:Kongzi,Kant,Beauvoir,andCritiques ofGenderRoles 77 5 MethodologyoftheEthicsofCare:IntegratingCareandJustice 97 III:Meta-EthicalMatters 123 6 Hume’sSympathy,Mengzi’sEmpathy,Feminist Interpretations:ExtensiveVirtue 125 7 China’sPopulationPolicy:Aging,Gender,andSustainability 143 Bibliography 159 Index 167 AbouttheAuthor 171 vii