Springer Series in Synergetics Editor: Hermann Haken Synergetics, an interdisciplinary field of research, is concerned with the cooperation of individual parts of a system that produces macroscopic spatial, temporal or functional structures. It deals with deterministic as well as stochastic processes. Volume 40 Information and Self-Organization A Macroscopic Approach to Complex Systems ByH. Haken Volume 41 Propagation in Systems Far from Equilibrium Editors: J.E. Wesfreid, H.R. Brand, P. Manneville, G. Albinet, N. Boccara Volume 42 Neural and Synergetic Computers Editor: H. Haken Volume 43 Cooperative Dynamics in Complex Physical Systems Editor: H. Takayama Volumes 1-39 are listed on the back inside cover Hajime Takayama (Ed.) Cooperative Dynamics in Complex Physical Systems Proceedings of the Second Yukawa International Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, August 24-27, 1988 With 181 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Professor Hajime Takayama Research Institute for Fundamental Physics, (Yukawa Hall), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Series Editor: Professor Dr. Dr. h. c. Hermann Haken Institut rur Theoretische Physik der Universitat Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57/1V, D-7000 Stuttgart 80, Fed. Rep. of Germany and Center for Complex Systems, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA ISBN-13:978-3-642-74556-0 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-74554-6 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-74554-6 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24. 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2154/3150-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper Preface The second Yukawa International Seminar (YKlS'88), devoted to cooperative dy namics in complex physical systems, was held from August 24 to 27, 1988, at Kansai Seminar House in Kyoto. The meeting was aimed at clarifying various cooperative aspects of complex physical systems that appear in different scientific disciplines, e.g., frustrated and random systems, polymers, spin glasses, glasses, neural networks, chemical and biological systems, and fluids. The various ideas developed so far were critically examined, thus preparing the way for possible breakthroughs in the field. During the past decade complex physical systems, in which local, topologi cal constraints such as competition between microscopic interactions (frustration) cause novel macroscopic cooperative phenomena, have become a subject of cur rent interest in statistical and solid-state physics. A typical example is a spin glass, in which frustrations are distributed randomly. The consequences of its study are varied: the free energy landscape having a hierarchical structure, glassy dynamics, and so on. These spin-glass ideas have influenced considerably not only the field of related random systems, but also other areas of science, such as optimization and the modeling of neural networks. Different cooperative aspects of interest are phenomena arising from dynamical constraints, which in turn are due to nonlinearity of the dynamics of the systems. Besides the well-examined chaotic behavior appearing even in systems of low dimensions, the nonlinear dynamics inherent to systems with many degrees of freedom has attracted much attention recently. It is expected to yield a tremendous variety of novel cooperative phenomena, such as turbulence in fluids, various pattern formations, the traditional lIf noise, and so on. In the present seminar, 27 invited papers and 60 contributed papers on these subjects were presented. We believe that the excellent lectures of the invited speakers, as well as the well-prepared poster presentation of each contributor and lively discussions among many participants, led the meeting to a successful conclusion. This volume contains most of the invited and contributed papers presented at YKlS'88. We are very grateful to all authors for their efforts in preparing such excellent manuscripts. Reflecting the activity of our country in the field, so many contributed papers were submitted that we were forced to severely limit the length of the manuscripts. We believe, nevertheless, that they will aid the readers, as much as the invited papers will do, in understanding current developments in the field. v The YKIS '88 was organized by the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics, Kyoto University. The meeting was supported by the Yukawa Foundation, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Nishina Memorial Foundation, the Kajima Foundation, the Murata Science Foundation, and the Inoue Foundation for Science. The organizing committee gratefully acknowledges their generous financial support. Finally, thanks are due to Miss K. Horino for her invaluable assistance. Kyoto, Japan H. Takayama October 1988 VI Opening Address Ladies and gentlemen, it is my great pleasure to welcome all the participants of the second Yukawa International Seminar, this time on cooperative dynamics in complex physical systems. I am grateful to all of you for your participation in this seminar, in particular to those who have come to Kyoto all the way from abroad, to make this meeting a fruitful one. Last year a new series of seminars started under the title "Yukawa International Seminars", which is a continuation, in spirit, of the old series of Kyoto Summer Institutes. This series is organized by the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics founded in honor of the late Professor Hideki Yukawa, and the subject of the seminar is selected each year from among the fields covered by the activities of this institute. The title of the first seminar, held last year, was "Mesons and Quarks in Nuclei", which has a direct bearing on Yukawa's work, and the subject for this year was selected from solid-state physics, to make this series known to a wider circle of physicists. Last but not least, I would like to thank the many sponsors of this seminar, namely, the Yukawa Foundation, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Nishina Memorial Foundation, the Kajima Foundation, the Murata Science Foundation, and the Inoue Foundation for Science. I apologize for having failed to be here in person to convey my message since I am attending another symposium held simultaneously in Nagoya. However, I wish you a pleasant stay in Kyoto. Thank you. Kazuhiko Nishijima, Director Research Institute for Fundamental Physics, Kyoto University VII 1. M. Kawashima 19. Y. Natsume 37. R.G. Palmer 2. H. Ito 20. A.l. Bray 38. T. Konishi 3. T. Uezu 21. M. Katori 39. S. Murayama 4. K. Nemolo 22. K. Horino· 40. T. Miyashila 5. S.C. Miiller 23. Y. Fujinaka· 41. K. Iio 6. R.D. Young 2,1. Hiraku Nishimori 42. F. Matsubara 7 .. W. Goldburg 25. S. Chikazawa 43. H. Malchow 8. P. Bak 26. T. Aoyagi* 44. T. Shirakura 9. P.B. Littlewood 27. H. Aruga 45. K. Koyama 10. M.A. Moore 28. S. Nas uno 46. T. Suzuki 11. l.H.Oh 29. K. Yakubo 47. Y. Sawada 12. l. Soule tie 48. H. Hayakawa 30. T. Golo 13 .. M. Odo 31. K. Honda 49. K. Sekimoto 14. 1. Morgenstern 32. M. Makita 50. N. Ito 15. P. Manneville 33. M. Matsushita 51. Y. Ozeki 16. H. Kitatani 34. P. Goldbart 52. H. Takano 17. H. Sakaguchi 35. R. Tao 53. H. Daido 18. M. Mezard 36. X. Hu 54. S. Kabashima * Secretariat VIII 55. Kazuko Kawasaki 73. H. Ishii 91. Y.lba 56. M. Schreckenberg 74. Hidetoshi Nishimori 92. A. Ito 57. Y. Aizawa 75. T. Chikyu 93. H. Yoshizawa 58. K. Mitsubo 76. S. Miyashita 94. K. Katsumata 59. T. Kamai 77. Y. Kasai 95. H. Kimura 60. M. Hagiwara 78. S. Takesue 96. S. Ozawa 61. T. Iwamoto· 79. Y. Kimura 97. F. Tanaka 62. H.E. Stanley 80. Kyozi Kawasaki 98. T. Kawasaki 63. R.L. Orbach 81. Y. Kuramoto 99. C. Kawabata 64. T. Tsuzuki 82. S. Katsura 100. H. Takayama 65. K. Toko 83. E. Knobloch 101. T. Haseda 66. H. Mitani 84. M. Mekata 102. R. Kubo 67. Y. Harada 85. A.Onuki 103. B. Hess 68. S. Maegawa 86. E.F. Wassermann 104. M. Suzuki 69. Y.Y. Suzuki 87. Y. Ajiro 105. S. Amari 70. Y. Taguchi 88. A.P. Malozemoff 106. Y. Miyako 71. T. Ikegami 89. 1. Ono 107. T. Sasada 72. S. Fujiki 90. S. Shinomoto 108. M.A. Virasoro * Secretariat IX Contents Part I New Type of Phase Transitions in Frustrated Systems, Polymers, etc. Statistical Physics of Domain Walls and Grain Boundaries in Ordering Kinetics By Kyozi Kawasaki, T. Nagai, and K. Nakashima (With 5 Figures) 2 Super-Effective-Field CAM Theory of Dynamical Complexity By M. Suzuki (With 2 Figures) ............................ 9 Some Recent Experiments in Turbulently Stirred Fluids By W. Goldburg and P. Tong (With 2 Figures) .................. 17 A Numerical Study of Defect Dynamics in a Three-Dimensional Complex Field By Hiraku Nishimori and T. Nukii (With 2 Figures) .............. 25 Monte Carlo-Molecular Dynamics Simulation in Two-Dimensional Spin Systems By C. Kawabata, M. Takeuchi, T. Nakanishi, and A.R. Bishop (With 2 Figures) ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Can Rod-like Molecules Form a Smectic Phase Without Attractive Forces? By H. Kimura (With 1 Figure) ............................. 30 Martensitic Transformation: Nonlinear Order Parameter By T. Suzuki and S. Kojima .............................. 32 Successive Magnetic Ordering in a Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet CsNiCl3 By S. Maegawa, T. Goto, and Y. Ajiro (With 1 Figure) ............ 34 Evidence for ~-Vortex Excitations in the Quasi-Two-Dimensional Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnets HCr02 and LiCr02 By Y. Ajiro and H. Kikuchi (With 2 Figures) ................... 36 Soliton Dynamics in Impure Ising-like Antiferromagnetic Chains By T. Goto, T. Kohmoto, S. Maegawa, and M. Mekata (With 2 Figures) 38 XI