The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series Bingjun Yang Wen Li   Editors Corpus-based Approaches to Grammar, Media and Health Discourses Systemic Functional and Other Perspectives The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series Series Editors Chenguang Chang, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Guowen Huang, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China About the Series The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series focuses on studies concerning the theory and application of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). As a functional theory of language, SFL was initially developed by Professor M.A.K.HallidayandhiscolleaguesinLondonduringthe1960s,andsincethenits influence has spread all over the world. SystemicFunctionalLinguisticsdistinguishesitselfasafunctionaltheorybythe emphasis placed on system in relation to structure. It has also been particu- larly concerned with modelling language in context. The theory is especially well- known for the work on discourse analysis, cohesion, genre and register, appraisal and so on, which have been taken up by scholars working in other fields. Since Halliday’s early work on Chinese and English, systemic functional lin- guists around the world have been increasing the coverage of the description of different languages over the decades, including French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Danish, Finnish, Persian, Thai, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean, Tagalog, Bahasa Indonesian, Gooniyandi and others. Systemic Functional Linguistics is also characterized as an “appliable” lin- guistics theory. It is well-known for its application in a variety of fields, includ- ing education, translation studies, computational linguistics, multimodal studies, healthcare, and scholars are exploring new areas of application. The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series is an open series. Monographs included in this series will cover studies on language and context, functional grammar, semantic variation, discourse analysis, multimodality, register and genre analysis, educational linguistics, etc. Manuscripts are selected, based on quality and significance, in consultation with an editorial board which consists of leading linguists in the SFL field. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13311 Bingjun Yang Wen Li (cid:129) Editors Corpus-based Approaches to Grammar, Media and Health Discourses Systemic Functional and Other Perspectives 123 Editors Bingjun Yang WenLi Schoolof ForeignLanguages Schoolof ForeignLanguages ShanghaiJiao Tong University ShanghaiJiao Tong University Shanghai, China Shanghai, China ISSN 2198-9869 ISSN 2198-9877 (electronic) TheM.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series ISBN978-981-15-4770-6 ISBN978-981-15-4771-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4771-3 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. 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The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Bingjun Yang and Wen Li Grammar A Corpus-based Study of Transfers in English Gerunds . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Qingshun He Corpus Linguistics as Contextual Prosodic Theory (CPT) and Subtext: A New and Final Linguistic Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Bill Louw Idiomaticity in Intercultural Communication in English as Lingua Franca: A Corpus-based Study of Verb-Object Combinations. . . . . . . . 73 Xinyue Yao Media Discourse: Political and Academic Participating and Expressing Attitudes in New Media: A Case Study of Comments on President Xi Jinping’s Speech at UN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Binjian Qin, Xiaoyu Zhang, and Sut I Lam Register Variation in Hellenistic Greek: Factor Analysis of Quantitative Linguistic Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Stanley E. Porter and Ryder A. Wishart Synergising Corpus, Functional and Cultural Approaches to Critical Discourse Studies: A Case Study of the Discursive Representation of Chinese Dream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Hang Su The Discourse of Nkrumaism: A Corpus-informed Study . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Mark Nartey v vi Contents Concordancing China’s Friend, Foe and Frenemy: A Corpus-based CDA of Geopolitical Actors (Re)presented at China’s Interpreter-mediated Political Press Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Chonglong Gu Citation Functions in the Opening Phase of Research Articles: A Corpus-based Comparative Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Kathy Ling Lin and Susie Xin Sui Engagement Resources in Chinese College Students’ Argumentative Writings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Yilong Yang Interpreter’s Role in Discourse and Context: A Corpus-based Study from the SFL Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Yi Chen and Zhongwei Song Health Discourse AStudy ofIntersubjectiveRepresentations ofInferential Information in Health Crisis News Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Bin Tang Creativity and Television Drama: A t-Score and MI Value Cut-off Analysis of Pattern-forming Creativity in House M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Locky Law Interpersonal Metaphor Used in Different Discursive Moves in Reply Posts of an Online Health Forum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Bingjun Yang Introduction BingjunYangandWenLi 1 SystemicFunctionalLinguistics:Interaction, Methodology,andAppliability Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) has been developing for more than 60 years sincethepublicationofHalliday’s(1956)“GrammaticalcategoriesinmodernChi- nese”inTransactionsofthePhilosophicalSociety.Thedevelopmentofmorethan halfacenturyhaswitnesseditsconstantdevelopmentandgreaterwidthanddepth intheoryandapplication.Itisalwaysdeveloping. Internally,SFLhasexperiencedthroughseveralstagesofdevelopment,anddif- ferent“dialects”havebeenproposed.ThedevelopmentalstagesofSFLmayinclude thepreliminarystageforChineselanguage(in1950s),thescaleandcategorystage (in early 1960s), the systemic functional grammar stage (from late 1960s to early 1970s), the stage of language as social semiotics (from late 1970s to 1990s), and SFLasappliablelinguistics(from2000on)(Zhang2018:38–41).Throughconstant interaction,“dialects”havealsobeendevelopedandwidelyaccepted,amongwhich areMartin’sdiscoursesemanticsandFawcett’sCardiffGrammarinparticular.Exter- nally,SFLhas beenwidelyapplied tomany fields,andincreasing researchresults worldwidehavebeenseeninsuchfieldsaslanguagedevelopment,discourseanal- ysis,multimodality,literacystudies,stylistics,machinetranslation,andtranslation theory,tonameafew.ThisisverygoodevidenceforthestrengthofSFLintargeting language-relatedissues. Theinternaldevelopmentintheoryandtheexternalapplicationstogetherdemon- strate the vitality of SFL, to which SFL’s openness to other theories, employment of scientific method (e.g., corpus-based approach), and social accountability are contributable. B B.Yang( )·W.Li ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai,China e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2020 1 B.YangandW.Li(eds.),Corpus-basedApproachestoGrammar,Media andHealthDiscourses,TheM.A.K.HallidayLibraryFunctionalLinguisticsSeries, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4771-3_1 2 B.YangandW.Li SFLisopentoothertheories,anditincorporatesalargenumberofusefulthoughts and ideas. For example, Halliday followed scholars with different theories from China, Europe, and America in the initial stage (Hu et al. 2005). To some extent, SFL was founded on the basis of synergy and incorporation. A lot of great ideas have been absorbed and then grow as the leaves and branches of the SFL tree. Covering many aspects of language, SFL offers a great potential for the dialogue withotherlinguistictheories.Uptonow,ithasbeenpredominantlyinteractingwith suchlinguistictheoriesascognitivelinguistics(e.g.,Tavernierforthcoming),corpus linguistics(CL)(e.g.,ThompsonandHunston2007),andcomputationallinguistics (e.g.,Fawcett1980). Intermsofresearchmethodology,SFLhasalwaysbeenemphasizingonauthentic linguisticdataobtainedfromthesociety.Moreimportantly,itsharessimilartheoret- icalstancewithcorpuslinguistics(seeHeandWang2019:217).Inotherwords,SFL is complementary with corpus linguistics, and they are enriching each other. This tradition starts from Firth’s research and was continued in Halliday (1955, 1956), particularlyinthecasestudyofNigel’slanguagedevelopment(seeHalliday1979). The latest two editions of An Introduction to Functional Grammar (Halliday and Matthiessen 2004, 2014) were far more attuned to recent developments in corpus linguistics,andlanguagefactswereobservedbyusingsuchcorporaasLOB,LLC, andUTS/MacquarieCorpus. Intermsofsocialaccountability,SFLhasbeenappliedinmanyways.Halliday advocatestheterm“appliable”ratherthan“applicable”becausethelatter“refersto oneparticularpurpose,whereas‘appliable’meanshavingthegeneralpropertythat it can be put to use in different operational context” (Halliday 2006: 19). SFL as appliablelinguisticsis“theoreticalrobust”and“serviceable”:“capableofbeingput touseinaddressingarangeofproblemsandtasks”(Halliday2010:19).Thiscanbe seenfromthesuccessfulapplicationofSFLinsuchfields:discourseanalysis(see Martin2011),pedagogy(e.g.,ChristieandMartin2007),translation(e.g.,Halliday 2001, 2009), multimodality (e.g., O’Halloran 2004), and semiotics (e.g., Fawcett etal.1984),tonamejustafew. This volume brings together corpus-based studies of topics including English grammaranddiscoursesofmedia,academic,andhealth.Mostofthestudiesinthis volume take the perspective of SFL. Some others take perspectives of philosophy, statistics,andcriticaldiscourseanalysis(CDA).Differentastheyareintheoretical perspectives,thesestudiesallfocusonlanguageuseinsocialactivities(health,aca- demic,andmediainparticular)bymeansofcorpus-basedapproaches.Itisexpected thatthisvolumewillhelppromotetheunderstandingofSFLanditslinkwithother linguistictheories.Thecorpus-basedapproacheswillenhanceourobservationinto real-lifelinguisticfactsandactivities. Introduction 3 2 OverviewofThisVolume Fourteenpaperswereselectedforthisvolumeanddividedintothreepartsaccord- ing to the topic: grammar (Chaps. “A Corpus-based Study of Transfers in English Gerunds”,“CorpusLinguisticsasContextualProsodicTheory(CPT)andSubtext:A NewandFinalLinguisticTheory”and“IdiomaticityinInterculturalCommunication inEnglishasLinguaFranca:ACorpus-basedStudyofVerb-ObjectCombinations”), media and academic discourse (Chaps. “Participating and Expressing Attitudes in NewMedia:ACaseStudyofCommentsonPresidentXiJinping’sSpeechatUN”, “RegisterVariationinHellenisticGreek:FactorAnalysisofQuantitativeLinguistic Patterns”, “Synergising Corpus, Functional, and Cultural Approaches to Critical Discourse Studies: A Case Study of the Discursive Representation of Chinese Dream”,“TheDiscourseofNkrumaism:ACorpus-informedStudy”,“Concordanc- ing China’s Friend, Foe and Frenemy: A Corpus-based CDA Analysis of Geopo- liticalActors(Re)presentedatChina’sInterpreter-mediatedPoliticalPressConfer- ences”, “Citation Functions in the Opening Phase of Research Articles: A Cor- pus-Based Comparative Study”, “Engagement Resources in Chinese College Stu- dents’ArgumentativeWritings”and“Interpreter’sRoleinDiscourseandContext: ACorpus-basedStudyfromanSFLPerspective”),andhealthdiscourse(Chaps.“A study of Intersubjective Representations of Inferential Information in Health Cri- sis News Reporting”, “Creativity and Television Drama: A t-score and MI Value Cut-offsAnalysisofPattern-formingCreativityinHouseM.D.”and“Interpersonal MetaphorUsedinDifferentDiscursiveMovesinReplyPostsofanOnlineHealth Forum”).SeeTable1forasnapshotofthethemes. 2.1 Grammar Part I (Chaps.“A Corpus-based Study of Transfers in English Gerunds”, “Corpus Linguistics as Contextual Prosodic Theory (CPT) and Subtext: A New and Final LinguisticTheory”and“IdiomaticityinInterculturalCommunicationinEnglishas Lingua Franca: A Corpus-based Study of Verb-object Combinations” focuses on Englishlexicogrammar.Motivatedbythedisagreementbetweenthetransferdirec- tions of English gerunds (i.e. definite nominal gerund → bare nominal gerund → bareverbalgerund→definiteverbalgerund)andthatofnominalizationingrammat- icalmetaphortheory(i.e.finiteverbalgroups→nonfiniteverbalgroups→nominal groups), Qingshun He (Chap. 2: “A Corpus-based Study of Transfers in English Gerunds”)investigatesthegerundtransfersdiachronicallyinthecorpusofGoogle Books. QingshunHeraisesahypothesisthatwhencomparedwiththedecreaseofnom- inal gerund, verbal gerund would show an increase over time. This hypothesis is confirmedbythedata,bywhichitisfoundthatbarenominalgerundsarenegatively correlated with bare verbal gerunds. It is also found that definite nominal gerunds