Covenants without Swords This page intentionally left blank Covenants without Swords IDEALIST LIBERALISM AND THE SPIRIT OF EMPIRE Jeanne Morefield PRINCETON UNIVERSI TY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFOR D Copyright©2005byPrincetonUniversityPress PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet, Princeton,NewJersey08540 IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress, 3MarketPlace,Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201SY AllRightsReserved. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Morefield,Jeanne,1967– Covenantswithoutswords:idealistliberalismandthespiritofempire/ JeanneMorefield p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-691-11992-9(alk.paper) 1.Liberalism.2.Internationalism.3.Equality.4.Hierarchies.I.Title. JC574.M672005 320.51—dc22 2004041749 BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable. ThisbookhasbeencomposedinSabon Printedonacid-freepaper.∞ www.pupress.princeton.edu PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Paul, Anna, and Niko This page intentionally left blank Andcovenants,withoutthesword,arebutwordsandofno strengthtosecureamanatall. —ThomasHobbes,Leviathan,ch.XVII This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 CHAPTERONE OxfordLiberalismandtheReturnofPatriarchy 24 CHAPTERTWO An“OddlyTransposed”Liberalism 55 CHAPTERTHREE Mind,Spirit,andLiberalismintheWorld 96 CHAPTERFOUR Nationhood,WorldOrder,andthe“OneGreat CityofMenandGods” 136 CHAPTERFIVE SovereigntyandtheLiberalShadow 175 CHAPTERSIX LiberalCommunityandtheLureofEmpire 205 Bibliography 231 Index 249