!!!lfeJendiDnigv ersity AffirmatAicvtei aottn h e PATRICIGAu RIN, jEFFREYS .L EHMAN, AND EARL LEWIS with ErLi.Dc e Gy,e rGaulrdi n, anSdly ivaHu rtado UniverosfMi ityc higan IntrodbuycN tainocCnya ntor AfterwobrydM arSyu Ceo leman uNIVERSIOTFY MICHIGANP RESS ANN ARBOR Copyr© ibgyth hUten iveoMrfis ciht2iy0g 0a4n Allr igrhetsse rved Publiints hhUeen di tedo AfSm tearbtiyec sa ThUen iveoMrfis cihtiPygr aens s Manufacitntu hrUeen di Stteadot Afem se rica @ Prinotnae cdi dp-ftaepee r 20072 0062 0052 004 4 3 2 I Nop aortfth is pumbablyie c artepiroond uced, stoirnaer de trsiyesvotartel rm a,n simnai ntfoytr emd orb y maenayn s, electorroo tnhiecr,w imseec,h anical withtohwuert i tpteernm iostfsh pieuo bnl isher. A CIcPa traelcoogtr hdbi ofosoir aks v aiflraotbmhlB eer iLtiibsrha ry. LibraorfCy o ngreCsast aloging-in-PDuabtlai cation Defendidnigv er:sa iftfiyr mataicvteia otnt heU niverosfiM tiyc higIa n PatriGcuirai .n. .[ eatl .;i] n troducbtyNi aonnc Cya ntoIar f terword byM aryS ueC oleman. p. em. Inclubdiebsl iograrpehfiecrael(n pc.e s) a ndi ndex. ISBN0 -472-II(3a0l7pk-a.0p er) r.U niversaintdic eosl leges-USntiatteeds -Admis2s.iM oinn.o rity collsetgue dents-RecruitinSgt-aUtneJis.t.Af e fidr matiavcet ion programs-UnSittaetde 4s·.U niversaintdic eosl leges-Michigan-Ann Arbor-Admissi5·oU nn.i versaintdic eosl leges-Admissiaonnd- Law legislationS-tUantiet6se..dU niversofiM tiyc higan-AdmissIi.o n. GuriPna,t ricia. LB235r.2.2D04034 379·2'6'0973-dc22 200J026I8J Contents Introductri on NancCya ntor Why HistoRreym ainasF actionrt he SearfcohRr a ciEaqlu alit1y7 EarLle wis TheE volviLnagn guaogfeD iversaintdy IntegraitniD iosnc ussoifoA nfsfi rmatAicvtei on fromB akkteo G rutte6rr JeffreyS .L ehman TheE ducatiVoanlauloe fD iversi9t7y PatriGcuirai n wiEtrhLi D.ce Gye,r Gaulrdi n, anSdy lHvuiaradt o Afterworrd8 9 MaryS ueC oleman Notes19 7 Contribu2to90r s Index2 31 Introduction NanycC antor LJ<:S:2.J Goolde arinasil nwgac yast holgiecn ea.rIn owtdue slcotmhheeus m blest votoafsr cyi eannbcdie hd iskm i nhdillsea mfper ealtty h ceo mmsohnr ine. Iftor wnosnc asatnebd i goItstrp yu.tr hnaesr tidfiisctiianolcfc t oinovnesn ­ tiosnoacliI egttr yea.el ctlos m ewrhso isnet elglitefsec nttutiahtlel tmeo admistsoti hoen gfoleoldolwyos fchu ilpt imvian.tdI esitdes s sentially democirnta htbeie css etn osfte h taet.r m. L.ent.o a tm isapplication of thlea isasiderozec- tfirnpi onilet icaly w,eh ciohcnahios tmp sr opplearc e, leuasdt o fttahameli stoafbk uei ldiapn dega nuatpri ics tocracy. JAMESB . ANGELL, presoitfdh eUenn ti veoMrfis cihtyi gan, commencemejnutn25 eI,a 8 d79d ress, Onec annsoatn ctthideoe nsf iroru en iwthyi ch tshceeoe mkpslf sueitoen of indivirdaucsaitlarslar, ie nlsi,g ious scelcatsnisaoetnsig,sor ,uno paslso ,c ial org eograaprheiacsae-llt ihmei noaftt hieoifenrr ednaicnfetdsh s et an­ dardiozfat thiecoihnra ra.c Ut.ne dr.se. ur c chi rcumslteiwa fonucbleeds , impoversie-slehfrxeepds;sw iooubnle dr estrcauirniewodos;ui bltedy stisflopendt;a neexopuesr imweonutclaedta itsoheine; r repryeesasrinbilneg frop rroegwsosu bledr epressedo;f s tcaowtnoudusidl tidis optnlhsae c e onwamradr ocfhm inadn hda nadn d heacrreta;st pitawvhrheeke reby men armeo vetdos treivvfeeror w aarndud p wawrodu bledd immienfdo t extingduriamsboh neodyt;w o onuplrde .v aTirluei asmu antiottfey r inwasrpdir raitth er thmaann eisofiutotaInwtta. r idn rveoslpfvroeed csi­t f freenrcaetsth heatrnh eeilri mi.na.Tt.hier.oo n at dos uch uunnidteyr ­is standTihnseug r.e sttou nwdaeyr stiaosnp deminin-ngd e.d ness LEO SHARFMAN, chaoitfrh D ee parotEfmc eonnto mics, UniveoMrfis cihtiysg paenat,kMo ie nnCgsl ub, TemBpelteh NEolv,e mISbI,e9 r27 Univerrsiiisntte hi eeisr i ntp hlseao ccelisaa nld sacsafi pramefa etxipvree s­ sioonfos u ri tifhnat hceu mulwaitsidvooefm atgh.ees. A .u n.i versity has as perceisaplo nfsroit bhgieul airtdyi oaftn hshihesir pi Btuaatgu en.i versity alhsaoas n otrheesrp olniIstmtiyu b.si t attoit netmeptrthp teri emiten s which iotr dlteiomrv e eetsth d eie nv elnoepeiodnftsg h s eo cwiheiticyth serTvheisms.e atnhsia mttu sbtea c omprehoebnsvdeeiorrnft g hp er esent andi,n frsaa osp ossaiv belheio,cfu l ned erstfarot nhdfeitu nugrT eh.ii ss thger esaotcm iiaslso ifeo dnu cataif eroen sionIc nti heleta yn.go ufa gDei s­ rae"lAi ,u nisvheorubsleaipd tl yao cfle i ghltir,bt eayon,fod fl eagr.n"i n JAMESP .A DAMS, proovtfoh sUetn iveoMrfis cihtiyg an, speaettc hAhell -CDliansnisenc r o mmencweemeke,n t junISeI, 9 SO Myr omomataenI dr oombeldi Inh da.d no iIdw eoau elwndhud op m wi.tI hnm id-AuIfg uounsodtu atla lb out hweafrsor. m StDhreeoa intd blaTchkid.si 'dbnto ther me froaw nehe a vbgeio tta.tl eonSgn org e. a.t. . Herieos n teh itnhgIa f tuo nfdun n.y. M.yr .om omatheaa sfl aitr tohna t she tuoss tersa iAgNhDtc euhnre lr whia.tSi hhrhe a bde ebnu ggmienf gro a whtioll eet t rhiyeot rn m yh aiTrh.i s Froainynde i ghdte cIit dole edt hegri ivatet r.y. S.os. hre e acfhrome ydh awiirt hheh ra nsdot hsahte couglrdaa cb h unbkr tu"osE he.ee ,se"hs eh ri"eWkheaditt.sh ta?.".. . "Non,o thiiwsnr go nIjg su.ct a nb'eitle wvhea yto ur feehlalsii "rk. e..! . "'Ivnee vfelerat n wyh igtie'rh sla biero fer,s"hs ea i"dI. n hoai dd iewtaa s sod ifefre"nW ets .petnhtnee xhto ur dihsocwwu est saikcneago r feo ur hair, hioctwo stmtougs cei htdt o naen,wd e aalrsgoua ebdow uhtaa t permT hiiisss. an 'gtre edautc atsitoobnruayntl,o wIf eeall ittle more "worladnlndyo "ts haesl atsIeh raebdde o frIet.t' hsle i ttthlileni gtkshe i s thmaatk iem paocnmt ysl eiS.fm alblun to nheetliemspso rDtiavnetr.s ity heltpoms a kteh weo rall di tstmllaeel r. UNIVERSITYO F MICHIGAN UNDERGRADUATE respoinInd9 9it7nao gn e marielq tuaoel ssltt udfernottmhs e Presoitfdh Meein cth SitguadnAe snste mdbelys cttrhoie b e impapcots,io trni evgeao tdfii vveei,rnt s hieltyiife r Then eetdod efednidv ecrasmineta yt uarnaadlp lpyrr ioapttoe ly thgea tetshU eno ifv eorfMs iihctiaygno nO cto14b,1e 9r9, 7w hen thpea pferorG sr atBzol linwgeersreev redc,hl alenagfifirnmga ­ v. tiavceot ni uinnd ergraaddmsuisaitAoe sn esc.os nudiG tr,u tter v. Bolnlgiewra,sfi leDde cem3b,1e 9r9,7 toc hallaefifnrgmea tive acotnii nl aswc haodomslis ions. Itc ertwaainsno lc yo incitdheatnhtCce ee n tfroeI rn dividual Rig(hCt)Ist R,h oer ganoinbz eahtitinhldeas wuicthsoa,ssi e tt sa r­ getth Uen iveorfMs iihctiyg aag nr,ep aubtl riecas recuhn irvsyei,t homteo loan agns dt orhiiersdyto ofp oilctaialc tsimvN.ie lsetd neaDreo tirBti'Tgsh rfecateo riinte hsme i ddolAfem eriiatcl as,o commantdhaeetd t oenon fti itnse igshe baaosnrtwd es tA.v i ctory atM ihcigwaounl cde rtgaaiainntl tyoe nnn atitiowinde. TheC IRp robbldayi ndo rte ckfluolney i twhiettrhh a ep pro­ pirateonrte hsceso enqsueonfcs eusit nhgUe n iveorfs ihMtiiy­c ganT.h eu niveshr issiytth oyabr'se eenx traorrdiiicnnhda irai­ly logouned si veIrtsdisit syt.i nagluuimosnfahi ler ldas ci,en cluding fromePrr esiGdeaerlnFdto rsdt,o roeda tdody e efnadfif rmative acotnai ntdob ritnocg o utrhvteo iocfAe mser iccao'rrspa oatned mitlailreya de.Mr ishchiighpaanmd u chs chloyfil raoerwpecru,l ti- INTRDOUCTION 3