Anne Boyle David Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated | 94.189.186.140 Download Date | 5/27/14 5:32 PM 18-10-1311:47:03 TITEL4 U351 Format:170x240mm Metaserver2(PKW) Release19.00xSOLAR31May13.1609onFriMay3117:09:48BST2013 Mouton-CASL Grammar Series Editors Anne Boyle David Claudia M. Brugman Thomas J. Conners Amalia Gnanadesikan Volume 1 Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated | 94.189.186.140 Download Date | 5/27/14 5:32 PM 18-10-1311:47:03 TITEL4 U351 Format:170x240mm Metaserver2(PKW) Release19.00xSOLAR31May13.1609onFriMay3117:09:48BST2013 Anne Boyle David Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects Edited by Claudia M. Brugman DE GRUYTER MOUTON Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated | 94.189.186.140 Download Date | 5/27/14 5:32 PM 18-10-1311:47:04 TITEL4 U351 Format:170x240mm Metaserver2(PKW) Release19.00xSOLAR31May13.1609onFriMay3117:09:48BST2013 Funding/Support:Thismaterialisbaseduponworksupported,inwholeorinpart,withfunding fromtheUnitedStatesGouvernment.Anyopinions,findingsandconclusions,orrecommenda- tionsexpressedinthismaterialarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviews oftheUniversityofMaryland,CollegeParkand/oranyagencyorentityoftheUnitedStates Gouvernment.Nothinginthisreportisintendedtobeandshallnotbetreatedorconstruedasan endorsementorrecommendationbytheUniversityofMaryland,UnitedStatesGouvernment,or theauthorsoftheproduct,process,orservicethatisthesubjectofthisreport.Noonemayuse anyinformationcontainedorbasedonthisreportinadvertisementsorpromotionalmaterials relatedtoanycompanyproduct,process,orserviceorinsupportofothercommercialpurposes. TheContractingOfficer’sRepresentativeforthisprojectisJohnWalker,GouvernmentTechnical DirectoratCASL,(301)226-8912,[email protected]. ISBN978-1-61451-303-2 e-ISBN978-1-61451-231-8 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ACIPcatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenappliedforattheLibraryofCongress. BibliografischeInformationderDeutschenNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de. ©2014UniversityofMaryland.Allrightsreserved. Coverphoto:AKhanMamdicarpetfromPakistan.ImagegraciouslyprovidedbyBunyaadOriental Rugs,committedtoproducinghandknottedOrientalrugsmadebyfairlypaidadults (http://rugs.tenthousandvillages.com). Printing:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen ♾Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated | 94.189.186.140 Download Date | 5/27/14 5:32 PM 18-10-1311:47:04 TITEL4 U351 Format:170x240mm Metaserver2(PKW) Release19.00xSOLAR31May13.1609onFriMay3117:09:48BST2013  Tomyteacher,EricP.Hamp Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated | 94.189.186.140 Download Date | 5/27/14 5:32 PM Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated | 94.189.186.140 Download Date | 5/27/14 5:32 PM Foreword Itisremarkablethat,inthisageofunprecedentedglobalcommunicationandinterac- tion,themajorityoftheworld’slanguagesareasyetnotadequatelydescribed.With- outbasicgrammarsanddictionaries,theselanguagesandtheircommunitiesofspeak- ersareinarealsenseinaccessibletotherestoftheworld.Thisstateofaffairsisanti- theticaltotoday’sinterconnectedglobalmindset. Thisseries,undertakenasacriticalpartofthemissionoftheUniversityofMary- land Center for Advanced Study of Language (CASL), is directed at remedying this problem. One goal of CASL’s research is to provide detailed, coherent descriptions oflanguagesthatarelittlestudiedorforwhichdescriptionsarenotavailableinEn- glish.Evenwheregrammarsfortheselanguagesdoexist,inmanyinstancestheyare decadesoutofdateorlimitedinscopeordetail. Whilethecriticalityoflinguisticdescriptionsisindisputable,thepainstakingwork ofproducinggrammarsforneglectedandunder-resourcedlanguagesisofteninsuffi- cientlyappreciatedbyscholarsandgraduatestudentsmoreenamoredofthelatestthe- oreticaladvancesanddebates.Yet,withoutthefoundationofaccuratedescriptionsof reallanguages,theoreticalworkwouldhavenomeaning.Moreover,withoutprofes- sionallyproducedlinguisticdescriptions,technologicallysophisticatedtoolssuchas thoseforautomatedtranslationandspeech-to-textconversionareimpossible.Such researchrequirestime-consuminglabor,meticulousdescription,andrigorousanaly- sis. Itishopedthatthisserieswillcontribute,howevermodestly,totheultimategoal ofmakingeverylanguageoftheworldavailabletoscholars,students,andlanguage loversofallkinds.IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytosalutethelinguistsatCASL andaroundtheworldwhosubscribetothisvisionastheirlife’swork.Itistrulyanoble endeavor. RichardD.Brecht FoundingExecutiveDirector UniversityofMarylandCenterforAdvancedStudyofLanguage Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated | 94.189.186.140 Download Date | 5/27/14 5:32 PM Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated | 94.189.186.140 Download Date | 5/27/14 5:32 PM