Designer Biology Designer Biology The Ethics of Intensively Engineering Biological and Ecological Systems Edited by John Basl and Ronald L. Sandler LEXINGTONBOOKS Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•Toronto•Plymouth,UK PublishedbyLexingtonBooks AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 10ThornburyRoad,PlymouthPL67PP,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2013byLexingtonBooks Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Designerbiology:theethicsofintensivelyengineeringbiologicalandecologicalsystems/editedby RonaldL.SandlerandJohnBasl. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-7391-7821-8(cloth:alkalinepaper)—ISBN978-0-7391-8487-5(paperback:alkaline paper)—ISBN978-0-7391-7822-5(electronic) 1.Bioethics.2.Bioengineering—Moralandethicalaspects.3.Geneticengineering—Moraland ethicalaspects.4.Environmentalengineering—Moralandethicalaspects.5.Bioticcommunities— Effectofhumanbeingson—Moralandethicalaspects.6.Geotechnicalengineering—Moraland ethicalaspects.I.Sandler,RonaldL.II.Basl,John. QH332.D4752013 576.5—dc23 2013017850 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 RonaldSandlerandJohnBasl I:EngineeringHumans 1 SexSelectionandtheValue-LadennessoftheProcreative LibertyFramework 9 InmaculadadeMelo-Martín 2 TheEthicsofEmbryoSelection 27 ValentinaUrbanek 3 AssessingEfficacyof“Neuroenhancing”Drugs:Normative ProblemsinEmpiricalControversies 49 DavidM.Frank 4 EngineeringforVirtue?TowardHolisticMoral Enhancement 69 WilliamP.Kabasenche 5 RadicalHumanEnhancement,andWhat’sWrongwithIt 87 NicholasAgar 6 HumanEngineeringandClimateChange 105 S.MatthewLiao,AndersSandberg,andRebeccaRoache II:EngineeringtheEnvironment 7 TheHumanInfluence:MoralResponsibilityforNovel Ecosystems 125 AllenThompsonandStephenT.Jackson 8 WhyScientistsShouldGetOutofNatureConservation 151 DonaldS.Maier 9 WhatItTakestoJustifyGeoengineeringtheClimate 179 NicoleHassoun 10 Remediationvs.Steering:AnAct-DescriptionApproachto ApprovingandFundingGeoengineeringResearch 195 BenjaminHale v vi Contents III:EngineeringLife 11 SensitivityEnhancement:TheEthicsofTestingCognitive EnhancementsonNon-HumanResearchSubjects 219 JohnBasl 12 TheCapacities,Interests,andOrganizationofArtifactual Organisms 233 SuneHolm 13 HowtoEvolveaGoodofYourOwn:TheBiological InterestsofInstantOrganisms 253 ScottSimmons Conclusion:LessonsfortheFuture 275 JohnBaslandRonaldSandler Index 279 AbouttheContributors 293 Acknowledgments Thiscollection grewoutofaworkshopontheethicsofengineeringeco- logicalandbiologicalsystemsheldatNortheasternUniversity.Wethank theEthicsInstitute,DepartmentofPhilosophyandReligion,andCollege of Social Sciences and Humanities at Northeastern for their sponsorship oftheworkshop.Theworkshop,andthedevelopmentofthiscollection, was also supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (“NanotechnologyinthePublicInterest,”SES-0609078),forwhichweare alsoappreciative.Finally,wearegratefultoChristopherBosso,Benjamin Flickner,andJenniferHaskellforalloftheirhelporganizingandrunning the workshop, and to Marcus Schultz-Bergin and Tim Walsh for their helppreparingthismanuscriptforpublication. vii