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Diagnosis & Prognosis of AAR Affected Structures: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 259-ISR PDF

pages603 Pages
release year2021
file size34.737 MB
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Preview Diagnosis & Prognosis of AAR Affected Structures: State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 259-ISR

RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports Victor E. Saouma   Editor Diagnosis & Prognosis of AAR Affected Structures State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 259-ISR RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports RILEM STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORTS Volume 31 RILEM, The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures, founded in 1947, is a non-governmental sci- entific association whose goal is to contribute to progress in the construction sciences, techniques and industries, essentially by means of the communica- tion it fosters between research and practice. RILEM’s focus is on construction materials and their use in building and civil engineering structures, covering all phases of the building process from manufacture to use and recycling of materi- als. More information on RILEM and its previous publications can be found on www.RILEM.net. The RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports (STAR) are produced by the Technical Committees. They represent one of the most important outputs that RILEM generates – high level scientific and engineering reports that provide cutting edge knowledgeinagivenfield.TheworkoftheTCsisoneofRILEM’skeyfunctions. MembersofaTCareexpertsintheirfieldandgivetheirtimefreelytosharetheir expertise. As a result, the broader scientific community benefits greatly from RILEM’s activities. RILEM’s stated objective is to disseminate this information as widely as pos- sible to the scientific community. RILEM therefore considers the STAR reports of its TCs as of highest importance, and encourages their publication whenever possible. The information in this and similar reports is mostly pre-normative in the sense that it provides the underlying scientific fundamentals on which standards and codes of practice are based. Without such a solid scientific basis, construction practice will be less than efficient or economical. It is RILEM’s hope that this information will be of wide use to the scientific community. Indexed in SCOPUS, Google Scholar and SpringerLink. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8780 Victor E. Saouma Editor Diagnosis & Prognosis of AAR Affected Structures State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 259-ISR 123 Editor Victor E. Saouma Department ofCivil Engineering University of Colorado Boulder, CO,USA ISSN 2213-204X ISSN 2213-2031 (electronic) RILEMState-of-the-Art Reports ISBN978-3-030-44013-8 ISBN978-3-030-44014-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44014-5 ©RILEM2021 Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeof being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Permissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromtheownerofthecopyright:RILEM. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland RILEM Technical Committee 259-ISR Prognosis of deterioration and loss of serviceability in structures affected by alkali–silica reactions Chairman Victor Saouma Deputy Chairmen Leandro Sanchez Yann LePape Active Committee Members This book is authored and edited under the auspices of the RILEM Technical Committee TC259-ISR.It presents technical contributions from RILEM members andinternationalpartnersthatprovideanoutlineofthestate-of-the-artindiagnosis and prognosis of concrete structures affected by alkali–silica reaction (ASR). Francesco Amberg, Lombardi Consulting, Switzerland. e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Ignacio Carol, Polytechnic of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Derek Cong, WJE, Austin TX, USA. e-mail: [email protected] v vi RILEMTechnicalCommittee259-ISR Dr. Alexis Courtois, EDF Direction Ingénierie et Projets Nouveau Nucléaire— Direction Technique, 19 rue Pierre Bourdeix, 69007 Lyon, France. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. João Custódio, LNEC, Lisbona, Portugal. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Steven Feldman, NIST, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Eric R. Giannini, RJ Lee Group, La Crosse, WI, USA. e-mail: [email protected] Nathalie Ishak, Hydro-Quebec, Canada.. e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Laurence Jacobs, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Tetsuya Katayama, Taiheiyo Consultant Co Ltd, Japan. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Yuichiro Kawabata, Â Port and Airport Research Institute, Japan. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Yann Le Pape, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA. e-mail: [email protected] Dr.AndreasLeemann,Empa,SwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsTestingand Research, Laboratory for Concrete and Construction Chemistry, Switzerland. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Renaud-Pierre Martin, Université Paris Est, Materials and Structures Department, Urban and Civil Engineering Testing and Modeling Laboratory (EMGCU), IFSTTAR, French institute of science and technology for transport, development and networks, F-77447 Marne la Vallée, France. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Esperanza Menendez Mendez, Institute of Construction Science Eduardo Torroja, Madrid, Spain. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Christine Merz, Merz Ingenieurberatung gmbh, Möriken, Switzerland. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Stéphane Multon, Civil Engineering, Paul Sabatier University, and Construction and Durability Materials Laboratory of Toulouse (France). e-mail: [email protected] Dr. David Rothstein, DRP, A Twining Company, Boulder, CO, USA. e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Leandro Sanchez, University of Ottawa, Canada. Leandro. e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Victor E. Saouma, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA. e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Alain Sellier, Civil Engineering, Paul Sabatier University, and Construction and Durability Materials Laboratory of Toulouse (France). e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Henrik Erndahl Sorensen, Teknologisk Institut, Denmark. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Yuya Takahashi, University of Tokyo, Japan. e-mail: [email protected] Preface With the aging of our infrastructure, ASR will become increasing prevalent, more sothanwehavesuspectedsofar.Whereasthisparticularagingprocessisunsightly and mildly disruptive for buildings, pavements, or railroad ties, ASR is a major societal problem when it affects dams, large bridges, or even nuclear structures. In those situations, one must decide whether to maintain the structure under contin- uous auscultation or simply decommission it. The associated costs are enormous. Given the increasing prevalence of ASR, this book is timely, pertinent, and necessary. While tools for assessing this particularly complex and confounding phenomenon have long existed, until now they have not been assembled into a single authoritative source. Unfortunately, in my own observation, the lack of organized information has already allowed inadequate assessments and poorly informed decisions about some critical ASR-infected infrastructures. Recently, for example,Ievaluatedthetechnicalbasisforalicenseamendmentrequestforthelife extension of a major nuclear reactor suffering from ASR. The regulating agency evaluation was shockingly simplistic and ill-informed, and yet the license for continued operation for an additional 30 years was approved. Thus, it is my hope, as a scientist and concerned citizen, that this book will strengthen government oversight of the risks posed by ASR in critical infrastructures by providing them with a comprehensive assessment methodology. ThisvolumerepresentsfouryearsofworkbytheRILEMTechnicalCommittee 259-ISR Prognosis of Deterioration and Loss of Serviceability in Structures Affected by Alkali–Silica Reactions. I had the honor and pleasure to chair it and closely work with some of the world’s best experts in the field. As is often the case, the addressed topics do not represent what I anticipated during our first meeting in 2014. Our original focus was narrow and possibly ill defined, but after many, at times spirited, discussions I realized that the scope should be broadened. At times, this was based on committee discussions, and at others, I allowed myself to unilaterally seek additional participation. This led to substantial reshaping and enrichment of our original ideas. In the process of editing, I have avoided two major pitfalls. First, I realized the folly of trying to build a consensus on a proposed method of diagnosis/prognosis vii viii Preface emanatingfromourcommittee,buthaveratherlet“ahundredflowersblossom”for the benefit of allowing many perspectives. Secondly, I have refrained from con- strainingthecontentofsolidcontributionsbysomeoftheparticipantswhowanted to dwell in more details than others. Likewise, I have at times curtailed some coverage,orsimplynotincludedotherswhoseworkwasnotyetsufficientlymature for inclusion. There are twenty-six chapters and four major appendices broken into four sec- tions.Again,nochapterlengthwasimposed,andoneshouldnotassumethatthose who embrace brevity are deficient in quality. It is my hope that this book will be accessible as a mine for both engineers consultingitasastartingpointofaninvestigationandforresearchersstartingwith a literature survey. I have reviewed each contribution, at times questioned the authors, and redone someofthefigures.Insodoing,IhaveconvertedmostofthesubmittedWordfiles into the more esthetically pleasing format provided by LaTeX. Likewise, each of the 380 citations found an entry in the BibTeX database. Finally, I have tried, albeit imperfectly, to index the book but am certain to have missed some key entries. In the end, I am pleased to provide our publisher with a copy-ready manuscript that would only require minimal editing before publication. Finally,andonapersonallevel,whereasIambothindebtedandhumbledbythe knowledge of all the contributors, my greatest satisfaction was not in assiduously editing this book, but in meeting so many interesting colleagues and getting to know them on a personal level. They have my deep appreciation. Boulder, CO, USA Victor E. Saouma June 2020 Acknowledgements The editor would like to thank Dr. Manouchehr Hassanzadeh who was an early supporter of this endeavor and who has written the template followed by all con- tributors in the Prognostic part. In addition, he would like to acknowledge the financial support of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission through Grant No. NRC-HQ-60-14-G-0010, and theUSBureauofReclamationthroughAssistanceAgreementR18AC00055.Their support has greatly contributed to make this report a reality. ix

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