DRONES AND THE ETHICS OF TARGETED KILLING DRONES AND THE ETHICS OF TARGETED KILLING Kenneth R. Himes, OFM ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield Awhollyownedsubsidiaryof TheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB, UnitedKingdom Copyright©2016byRowman&Littlefield Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorby anyelectronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrieval systems,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewer whomayquotepassagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Himes,KennethR.,1950– Dronesandtheethicsoftargetedkilling/KennethR.Himes,OFM. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4422-3155-9(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN978-1-4422-3156-6(pbk.:alk.paper)— ISBN978-1-4422-3157-3(electronic)1.Droneaircraft—Moralandethicalaspects.2.Droneair- craft—Governmentpolicy—UnitedStates.3.Targetedkilling—Moralandethicalaspects.4.Tar- getedkilling—Governmentpolicy—UnitedStates.I.Title. UG1242.D7H562016 172'.42—dc23 2015018994 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsof AmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperfor PrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica For my students at the Washington Theological Union 1980–2003 and at Boston College 2004 to the present It has been a pleasure (at least for me). CONTENTS ListofAcronyms ix Preface xi 1 UnderstandingTargetedKillingandDrones 1 TheLanguageofKilling 2 TargetedKillingToday 6 Drones:TheirNatureandUse 11 RemoteKilling 13 Legal,Policy,andMoralConcerns 15 2 TheDistantContextsoftheDebate 21 TargetedKillingintheClassicalWorld 21 TargetedKillingandAncientIsrael 25 TyrannicideintheChristianTradition 31 Assassination 46 3 TheProximateContext:IsraelandtheIntifada 51 IsraeliPublicDebate 55 TheHighCourtofJustice 77 TakeawaysfromtheIsraeliExperience 81 4 TheImmediateContext:TheU.S.WaronTerrorism 85 TheObamaAdministration’sPolicy 86 APublicKilling 89 APublicHearing 93 vii viii CONTENTS SpeakinginPublic 95 ThePresident’sSpeech 105 HowDoesanIndividualBecomeaTarget? 112 HowIsaTargetedKillingImplemented? 116 SummingUp 118 5 TheFutureContext:AddressingtheMoralIssues 121 Discrimination 122 Imminence 129 DeathandHarmtoCivilians 135 LastResort 142 StrategicSuccess 145 PerpetualWar 151 BadPrecedents 152 DronesandDemocracy 159 FinalThoughts 165 Notes 169 Index 195