Early Modern Tragedy, Gender and Performance 1984–2000 The Destined Livery Roberta Barker Early Modern Tragedy, Gender and Performance, 1984–2000 This page intentionally left blank Early Modern Tragedy, Gender and Performance, 1984–2000 The Destined Livery Roberta Barker ©RobertaBarker2007 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-1-4039-9479-0 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noparagraphofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, 90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentified astheauthorofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2007by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XSand 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y.10010 Companiesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld PALGRAVEMACMILLANistheglobalacademicimprintofthePalgrave MacmillandivisionofSt.Martin’sPress,LLCandofPalgraveMacmillanLtd. Macmillan(cid:2)isaregisteredtrademarkintheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom andothercountries.PalgraveisaregisteredtrademarkintheEuropean Unionandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-54445-5 ISBN 978-0-230-59748-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230597488 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Barker,Roberta. Earlymoderntragedy,genderandperformance,1984(cid:3)2000:the destinedlivery/RobertaBarker. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN 978-1(cid:3)4039(cid:3)9479(cid:3)X(alk.paper) 1. Englishdrama(Tragedy)“Historyandcriticism. 2. Englishdrama“ EarlymodernandElizabethan,1500(cid:3)1600“Historyandcriticism. 3. Englishdrama“17thcentury“Historyandcriticism. 4. Gender identityinthetheater. 5. Sexroleinthetheater. 6. Feminismand theater“History“20thcentury. 7. Theater“History“20thcentury. 8. Sexroleinmotionpictures. 9. Genderidentityinmotion pictures. I. Title. PR658.T7B392007 822’.9109“dc22 2007025502 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 For my mother, Diane Murray Barker and my grandmother, Freda Murray and In loving memory of my grandmother, Zilda Barker Odonnaincuilamiasperanzavige, echesoffristiperlamiasalute inInfernolasciarletuevestige, ditantecosequant’i’hovedute, daltuopodereedalatuabontate riconoscolagraziaelavirtute. Tum’haidiservotrattoalibertate pertuttequellevie,pertutt’imodi chediciòfareaveilapotestate. (Dante,ParadisoXXXI79–87) Contents ListofFigures viii Acknowledgments x ListofAbbreviations xii Introduction:TheDestinedLivery?Tragedy,Performance, SubjectandSpectator 1 Part I Realism and Reinscription 1 WhatWeAre,ButNotWhatWeMayBe:TheFeminist Opheliaandthe(Re)productionofGender 29 2 AnActorintheMainofAll:IndividualandRelationalSelves inTheDuchessofMalfi 55 3 TheNaturalFatherandtheImaginaryDaughter:Patriarchy asRealismandRepresentationinTitus 83 Part II Performance and Performativity 4 ‘Let Me Forget Myself’: What a Queen is Good For in EdwardII 111 5 DeathandtheMarriedMaiden:GenderReproductionas DestructioninTheBrokenHeart 136 6 TrickedLikeaBride:ANewTrafficinAWomanKilledwith Kindness 163 Conclusion:CulturalDrag;or,HamletandOpheliaRedux 191 Appendix Casts,ProductionTeamsandOpeningDatesof ProductionsDiscussed 201 Notes 206 Bibliography 208 Index 230 vii List of Figures 1 Ophelia in black. Left to right: Cathy Tyson (Lady-in-Waiting), Frances Barber (Ophelia), Sarah Woodward(Lady-in-Waiting),BrianBlessed(Claudius)and VirginiaMcKenna(Gertrude)inHamlet,dir.RonDaniels, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 1984. Photo by Joe Cocks Studio,reproducedbykindpermissionoftheShakespeare BirthplaceTrust 42 2 Opheliawatchestheboyactress.Lefttoright:RogerRees (Hamlet),FrancesBarber(Ophelia),DexterFletcher(Player Queen)andBernardHorsfall(PlayerKing)inHamlet,dir. RonDaniels,RoyalShakespeareTheatre,1984.PhotobyJoe Cocks Studio, reproduced by kind permission of the ShakespeareBirthplaceTrust 53 3 MarriedblissinMalfi.Lefttoright:MickFord(Antonio), SallyEdwards(Cariola),HarrietWalter(theDuchess)inThe DuchessofMalfi,dir.BillAlexander,SwanTheatre,1989. PhotobyJoeCocksStudio,reproducedbykindpermission oftheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust 64 4 TheDuchessandherExecutioner.GeorgeAnton(Bosola) andAnastasiaHille(theDuchess)inTheDuchessofMalfi, dir.DeclanDonnellan,CheekbyJowl,1995.PhotobyJohn Haynes,reproducedbykindpermissionofthephotographer 77 5 IsabellaasEvita.TildaSwinton(Isabella)inEdwardII,dir. DerekJarman,WorkingTitle,1991.Reproducedbykind permissionofUniversalPictures 112 6 ‘A stranger here in court, my lord’: Calantha presents Penthea.Lefttoright:OliviaWilliams(Calantha),Emma Fielding(Penthea),WilliamHouston(Prophilus)inThe BrokenHeart,dir.MichaelBoyd,SwanTheatre,1994.Photo byMalcolmDavies,reproducedbykindpermissionofthe ShakespeareBirthplaceTrust 145 7 AnneFrankfordamongmen:thewedding.SaskiaReeves (Anne)andMichaelMaloney(Frankford),centre,with Jonathan Cullen (Sir Charles Mountford), right, in AWomanKilledwithKindness,dir.KatieMitchell,The viii ListofFigures ix OtherPlace,1991.PhotobyJoeCocksStudio,reproduced bykindpermissionoftheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust 171 8 AnneFrankfordamongmen:thetriangle.Lefttoright: MichaelMaloney(Frankford),SaskiaReeves(Anne),Barry Lynch(Wendoll)inAWomanKilledwithKindness,dir.Katie Mitchell, The Other Place, 1991. Photo by Joe Cocks Studio,reproducedbykindpermissionoftheShakespeare BirthplaceTrust 175