FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SOBOBA BAND OF LUISEÑO INDIANS HORSESHOE GRANDE FEE-TO-TRUST PROJECT LEAD AGENCY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS PACIFIC REGION 2800 COTTAGE WAY ROOM W-2820 SACRAMENTO, CA 95825-1846 COOPERATING AGENCIES U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CITY OF SAN JACINTO, CA SEPTEMBER 2013 Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................. I Executive Summary Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project ....................................................................... ES-1 Purpose and Need ............................................................................................................................. ES-1 Proposed Action (A and B) .............................................................................................................. ES-1 Alternatives ...................................................................................................................................... ES-2 Alternative 1.......................................................................................................................... ES-3 Alternative 2.......................................................................................................................... ES-3 Alternative 3.......................................................................................................................... ES-3 Alternative 4.......................................................................................................................... ES-3 Environmental Consequences and Summary Matrix ....................................................................... ES-4 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 The Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians ...................................................................................... 1-4 1.2 Contextual Background ........................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3 Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action ............................................................................. 1-5 1.3.1 Tribal Self-Determination and Government Operations ............................................. 1-9 1.3.2 Economic Necessity .................................................................................................... 1-9 1.4 Overview of the Fee-to-Trust Process ................................................................................... 1-10 1.5 Environmental Review Process ............................................................................................. 1-10 1.5.1 Notice of Intent ......................................................................................................... 1-11 1.5.2 Scoping ..................................................................................................................... 1-11 1.5.3 Cooperating Agencies ............................................................................................... 1-11 1.6 Regulatory Approvals ............................................................................................................ 1-13 2.0 Proposed Action and Alternatives ....................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Proposed Action (A and B) ...................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive .......................................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 2-26 2.2 Alternatives ............................................................................................................................ 2-31 2.2.1 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex ...................................................... 2-31 2.2.2 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) .................... 2-37 2.2.3 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) .................................. 2-43 2.2.4 Alternative 4 – No Action ......................................................................................... 2-49 September 2013 I Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project Final EIS Table of Contents 2.3 Alternatives Considered but not Analyzed ............................................................................ 2-49 2.3.1 Winchester Property.................................................................................................. 2-50 2.3.2 On-Reservation Property .......................................................................................... 2-52 2.3.3 Selection of Proposed Action .................................................................................... 2-53 3.0 Description of Affected Environment ................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Land Resources ........................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Topography ................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 Geology ....................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.3 Soils ............................................................................................................................ 3-2 3.1.4 Seismicity .................................................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.5 Mineral Resources .................................................................................................... 3-11 3.2 Water Resources .................................................................................................................... 3-12 3.2.1 Surface Water ........................................................................................................... 3-12 3.2.2 Groundwater ............................................................................................................. 3-29 3.2.3 Water Quality ............................................................................................................ 3-33 3.3 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................. 3-38 3.3.1 Setting ....................................................................................................................... 3-38 3.3.2 Existing Ambient Air Quality ................................................................................... 3-39 3.3.3 Regulatory Requirements .......................................................................................... 3-44 3.4 Biological Resources ............................................................................................................. 3-45 3.4.1 Setting ....................................................................................................................... 3-45 3.4.2 Present Vegetation Communities .............................................................................. 3-45 3.4.3 Regulatory Framework ............................................................................................. 3-49 3.4.4 Drainage Patterns and Waters of the United States .................................................. 3-51 3.4.5 Survey Results .......................................................................................................... 3-52 3.4.6 Federally-Listed Species ........................................................................................... 3-53 3.4.7 Additional Species Considered ................................................................................. 3-68 3.5 Cultural and Paleontological Resources ................................................................................ 3-79 3.5.1 Cultural Resources .................................................................................................... 3-79 3.5.2 Paleontological Resources ........................................................................................ 3-88 3.6 Economic and Socioeconomic Conditions ............................................................................ 3-89 3.6.1 Economic and Fiscal Conditions .............................................................................. 3-89 3.6.2 Market Conditions and Tourism ............................................................................... 3-95 3.6.3 Demography and Social Conditions ......................................................................... 3-97 September 2013 II Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project Final EIS Table of Contents 3.7 Resource Use Patterns .......................................................................................................... 3-117 3.7.1 Transportation Networks ........................................................................................ 3-117 3.7.2 Land Use ................................................................................................................. 3-130 3.7.3 Agriculture .............................................................................................................. 3-138 3.8 Public Services ..................................................................................................................... 3-141 3.9 Other Resources ................................................................................................................... 3-156 3.9.1 Hazardous Materials ............................................................................................... 3-156 3.9.2 Noise ....................................................................................................................... 3-162 3.9.3 Visual Resources ..................................................................................................... 3-168 3.9.4 Recreational Resources ........................................................................................... 3-179 4.0 Environmental Consequences ............................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Land Resources ........................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive .......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive .......................................................................................................... 4-5 4.1.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex ........................................................ 4-7 4.1.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) ...................... 4-8 4.1.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) .................................... 4-9 4.1.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ......................................................................................... 4-10 4.2 Water Resources .................................................................................................................... 4-11 4.2.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-11 4.2.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-16 4.2.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex ...................................................... 4-22 4.2.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) .................... 4-27 4.2.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) .................................. 4-32 4.2.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ......................................................................................... 4-37 4.3 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................. 4-39 4.3.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-39 4.3.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-46 4.3.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex ...................................................... 4-49 4.3.4 Alterative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) ...................... 4-51 September 2013 III Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project Final EIS Table of Contents 4.3.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) .................................. 4-54 4.3.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ......................................................................................... 4-56 4.4 Biological Resources ............................................................................................................. 4-56 4.4.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-56 4.4.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-64 4.4.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex ...................................................... 4-65 4.4.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) .................... 4-65 4.4.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) .................................. 4-66 4.4.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ......................................................................................... 4-67 4.5 Cultural and Paleontological Resources ................................................................................ 4-68 4.5.1 Cultural Resources .................................................................................................... 4-68 4.5.1.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ................................................................. 4-68 4.5.1.2 Proposed Action B - Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................... 4-68 4.5.1.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex ......................................... 4-69 4.5.1.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) ................................................................................................... 4-69 4.5.1.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Development .................................................. 4-70 4.5.1.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ............................................................................ 4-70 4.5.2 Paleontological Resources ........................................................................................ 4-70 4.5.2.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................... 4-70 4.5.2.2 Proposed Action B - Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................... 4-71 4.5.2.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex ......................................... 4-71 4.5.2.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) ................................................................................................... 4-71 4.5.2.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Development .................................................. 4-71 4.5.2.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ............................................................................ 4-72 4.6 Economic and Socioeconomic Conditions ............................................................................ 4-72 4.6.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-73 September 2013 IV Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project Final EIS Table of Contents 4.6.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-84 4.6.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex ...................................................... 4-85 4.6.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) .................... 4-87 4.6.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) .................................. 4-88 4.6.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ......................................................................................... 4-89 4.7 Resource Use Patterns ............................................................................................................ 4-91 4.7.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ........................................................................................................ 4-93 4.7.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ...................................................................................................... 4-109 4.7.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex .................................................... 4-124 4.7.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) .................. 4-138 4.7.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) ................................ 4-153 4.7.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ....................................................................................... 4-167 4.8 Public Services ..................................................................................................................... 4-167 4.8.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ...................................................................................................... 4-167 4.8.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ...................................................................................................... 4-183 4.8.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex .................................................... 4-197 4.8.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) .................. 4-212 4.8.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) ................................ 4-225 4.8.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ....................................................................................... 4-239 4.9 Other Values ........................................................................................................................ 4-240 4.9.1 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ...................................................................................................... 4-240 4.9.2 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ...................................................................................................... 4-275 4.9.3 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex .................................................... 4-301 4.9.4 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) .................. 4-327 4.9.5 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) ................................ 4-353 4.9.6 Alternative 4 – No Action ....................................................................................... 4-380 4.10 Cumulative Effects ............................................................................................................... 4-383 4.10.1 Geographic Boundary and Time Frame .................................................................. 4-385 4.10.2 Cumulative Environment ........................................................................................ 4-385 September 2013 V Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project Final EIS Table of Contents 4.10.3 Proposed Action A – Hotel/Casino Complex with Realignment of Lake Park Drive ...................................................................................................... 4-389 4.10.4 Proposed Action B – Hotel/Casino Complex without Realignment of Lake Park Drive ...................................................................................................... 4-436 4.10.5 Alternative 1 – Reduced Hotel/Casino Complex .................................................... 4-459 4.10.6 Alternative 2 – Hotel and Convention Center (No Casino Relocation) .................. 4-482 4.10.7 Alternative 3 – Commercial Enterprise (No Casino or Hotel) ................................ 4-503 4.10.8 Alternative 4 – No Action ....................................................................................... 4-525 4.11 Indirect Effects ..................................................................................................................... 4-525 4.11.1 Indirect Effects from Project Implementation ........................................................ 4-526 4.11.2 Indirect Effects from Off-Site Traffic Mitigation ................................................... 4-547 4.11.3 Indirect Effects from Off-Site Pipeline Construction ............................................. 4-552 4.12 Growth-Inducing Effects ..................................................................................................... 4-555 4.12.1 Potential Housing Growth....................................................................................... 4-555 4.12.2 Potential Commercial and Industrial Growth ......................................................... 4-561 5.0 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Land Resources ........................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Topography ................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2 Geology ....................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.3 Soils ............................................................................................................................ 5-2 5.1.4 Seismic Hazards .......................................................................................................... 5-2 5.1.4 Mineral Resources ...................................................................................................... 5-2 5.2 Water Resources ...................................................................................................................... 5-3 5.2.1 Surface Water ............................................................................................................. 5-3 5.2.2 Groundwater ............................................................................................................... 5-3 5.2.3 Water Quality .............................................................................................................. 5-3 5.3 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................... 5-5 5.3.1 Construction Effects.................................................................................................... 5-5 5.3.2 Operational Effects ..................................................................................................... 5-6 5.4 Biological Resources ............................................................................................................... 5-7 5.5 Cultural and Paleontological Resources ................................................................................ 5-11 5.5.1 Cultural Resources .................................................................................................... 5-11 5.5.2 Paleontological Resources ........................................................................................ 5-12 5.6 Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice .......................................................................... 5-12 5.7 Resource Use Patterns ............................................................................................................ 5-13 September 2013 VI Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project Final EIS Table of Contents 5.7.1 Transportation Networks .......................................................................................... 5-13 5.7.2 Land Use ................................................................................................................... 5-28 5.7.3 Agriculture ................................................................................................................ 5-30 5.8 Public Services ....................................................................................................................... 5-31 5.8.1 Water Supply ............................................................................................................ 5-31 5.8.2 Wastewater Service ................................................................................................... 5-31 5.8.3 Solid Waste Service .................................................................................................. 5-31 5.8.4 Electricity and Natural Gas ....................................................................................... 5-31 5.8.5 Telephone Services ................................................................................................... 5-33 5.8.6 Law Enforcement ...................................................................................................... 5-33 5.8.7 Fire Protection and Emergency Medical Services .................................................... 5-33 5.8.8 School Services ......................................................................................................... 5-34 5.9 Other Values .......................................................................................................................... 5-34 5.9.1 Hazardous Materials ................................................................................................. 5-34 5.9.2 Noise ......................................................................................................................... 5-36 5.9.3 Visual Resources ....................................................................................................... 5-39 6.0 List of Coordination and Consultation ................................................................................................ 6-1 6.1 Lead Agency ............................................................................................................................ 6-1 7.0 List of Preparers .................................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Lead Agency ............................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.2 Environmental Consultants ...................................................................................................... 7-1 8.0 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................ 8-1 TABLES Table ES-1 Executive Summary Matrix ................................................................................................. ES-5 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ............................................................................. ES-6 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ............................................................................. ES-7 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ............................................................................. ES-8 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ............................................................................. ES-9 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-10 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-11 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-12 September 2013 VII Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project Final EIS Table of Contents Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-13 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-14 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-15 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-16 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-17 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-18 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-19 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-20 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-21 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-22 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-23 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-24 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-25 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-26 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-27 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-28 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-29 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-30 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-31 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-32 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-33 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-34 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-35 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-36 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-37 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-38 Table ES-1 (continued) Executive Summary Matrix ........................................................................... ES-39 Table 1-1 Project Site Parcels ................................................................................................................. 1-2 Table 2-1 Proposed Developments by Approximate Square-Footage .................................................... 2-2 Table 2-2 Prescribed Best Management Practices ................................................................................ 2-11 Table 2-3 Proposed Action B: Proposed Developments by Approximate Square-Footage ............... 2-26 September 2013 VIII Horseshoe Grande Fee-to-Trust Project Final EIS