Real-time computer systems are very often subject to  dependability requirements because of their application areas.  Fly-by-wire airplane control systems, control of power plants,  industrial process control systems and others are required to continue  their function despite faults. Fault-tolerance and real-time  requirements thus constitute a kind of natural combination in  process control applications. Systematic fault-tolerance is based on  redundancy, which is used to mask failures of individual components.  The problem of replica determinism is thereby to ensure that  replicated components show consistent behavior in the absence of  faults. It might seem trivial that, given an identical sequence of  inputs, replicated computer systems will produce consistent outputs.  Unfortunately, this is not the case. The problem of replica  non-determinism and the presentation of its possible solutions is the  subject of Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems: The Problem of  Replica Determinism.   The field of automotive electronics is an important application area  of fault-tolerant real-time systems. Systems like anti-lock braking,  engine control, active suspension or vehicle dynamics control have  demanding real-time and fault-tolerance requirements. These  requirements have to be met even in the presence of very limited  resources since cost is extremely important. Because of its  interesting properties Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems gives an  introduction to the application area of automotive electronics. The  requirements of automotive electronics are a topic of discussion in  the remainder of this work and are used as a benchmark to evaluate  solutions to the problem of replica determinism.

Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems: The Problem of Replica Determinism (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science) PDF

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