GYMNOSPERMS STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY NEW YORK THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO, FUKUOKA, SENDAl THE COMMERCIAL PRESS, LIMITED SHANGHAI GYMNOSPERMS STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION By CHARLES JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, Ph.D., Sc.D. WITH 397 FIGURES *2J^ ttttSa tixco- h-^ THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO ILLINOIS • COl'VRIGHT 1935 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PUBLISHED MARCH 1935 FIFTH IMPRESSION FEBRUARY 1937 COMPOSEDANDPRINTEDBYTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO,ILLINOIS,U.S.A. TO MY WIFE AND DAUGHTER