Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introducing the Cloud Computing Platform ............................................. 1Cloud and Platform ....................................................................................................................... 1Relevance of the Cloud Platform ................................................................................................... 2Cloud Platform Benefits ................................................................................................................ 3Your Application and Cloud Platform Matchup .............................................................................. 3Does Your Application Belong on the Cloud Platform? ............................................................ 3Is the Cloud Platform Ready for Your Enterprise-Class Application? ....................................... 4On-premises and Cloud Platform Integration ................................................................................ 5Heterogeneity of the Cloud Platform ............................................................................................. 6Trust and Security ......................................................................................................................... 6Cloud Platform Services ................................................................................................................ 7Compute Services ................................................................................................................... 9Networking ............................................................................................................................ 18Storage and Data Services .................................................................................................... 23App Services .......................................................................................................................... 33Summary .................................................................................................................................... 41About the Authors .................................................................................................... xiAbout the Technical Reviewer ............................................................................... xiiiAcknowledgments ...................................................................................................xvForeword ...............................................................................................................xviiAdditional Foreword ...............................................................................................xixIntroduction ............................................................................................................xxiviChapter 2: Cloud Applications ................................................................................ 43Cloud Application Platforms ........................................................................................................ 43What’s aaS? ........................................................................................................................... 43Platform Types ....................................................................................................................... 45Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) .......................................................................................... 49Platform as a Service (PaaS) ................................................................................................. 50Software as a Service (SaaS) ................................................................................................ 53Other Cloud Application Platforms .............................................................................................. 55Cloud Web Services ............................................................................................................... 55Cloud Managed Services ....................................................................................................... 56Cloud Application Deployment Models ........................................................................................ 56Public Cloud ........................................................................................................................... 56Private Cloud ......................................................................................................................... 57Hybrid Cloud .......................................................................................................................... 58Summary .................................................................................................................................... 59Chapter 3: Hardened Cloud Applications ................................................................ 61Hardened Applications ................................................................................................................ 61Hello World vs. Real-World? ........................................................................................................ 62Real-World and Hardened Applications ...................................................................................... 63Availability ............................................................................................................................. 64Reliability ............................................................................................................................... 69Scalability .............................................................................................................................. 71Recoverability ........................................................................................................................ 73Security ................................................................................................................................. 75Low Latency .......................................................................................................................... 78Modern Organization ................................................................................................................... 79Engineering ........................................................................................................................... 79Support .................................................................................................................................. 86Summary .................................................................................................................................... 87Table of ContentsviiChapter 4: Service Fundamentals: Instrumentation, Telemetry,and Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 89Instrumentation ........................................................................................................................... 90Best Practices for Designing Instrumentation ....................................................................... 90High-Value and High-Volume Data ........................................................................................ 92Event Tracing ......................................................................................................................... 93Azure Diagnostics .................................................................................................................. 95Telemetry .................................................................................................................................... 96Best Practices for Designing Telemetry ................................................................................. 96Monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 98Typical Monitoring Solutions (Azure Network Watcher) ......................................................... 99Best Practices for Designing Monitoring ............................................................................. 102Vendor and Third-Party Solutions ............................................................................................. 118Summary .................................................................................................................................. 122Chapter 5: Key Application Experiences: Latency, Scalability,and Throughput .................................................................................................... 123Latency ..................................................................................................................................... 123Factors That Affect Latency ................................................................................................. 124Best Practices ...................................................................................................................... 124Scalability ................................................................................................................................. 130Scaling Up ........................................................................................................................... 130Scaling Out .......................................................................................................................... 131Best Practices ...................................................................................................................... 132Throughput ................................................................................................................................ 137Best Practices ...................................................................................................................... 137Summary .................................................................................................................................. 139Table of ContentsviiiChapter 6: Failures and Their Inevitability ........................................................... 141Case Studies of Major Cloud Service Failures .......................................................................... 142Azure Storage Server Failure ............................................................................................... 142Amazon Web Services Failure ............................................................................................. 143Measuring Failures ................................................................................................................... 143Failure Categories ..................................................................................................................... 145Hard Failure ......................................................................................................................... 145Soft Failure .......................................................................................................................... 146Gray Failure ......................................................................................................................... 146Preparing for Failure ................................................................................................................. 148Design for Failure and a Quick Recovery ............................................................................ 149Minimizing Human Error ...................................................................................................... 150Summary .................................................................................................................................. 153Chapter 7: Failures and Recovery ......................................................................... 155Design Best Practices ............................................................................................................... 156Failure Domain .................................................................................................................... 156Loose Coupling .................................................................................................................... 158Scale Out to More for Less .................................................................................................. 158Testing Best Practices ............................................................................................................... 160Sandboxing .......................................................................................................................... 161Scenario Testing .................................................................................................................. 164Failure-Detection Strategies ..................................................................................................... 165IaaS Virtual Infrastructure .................................................................................................... 165PaaS Application .................................................................................................................. 167Databases ............................................................................................................................ 167Storage ................................................................................................................................ 168Network ............................................................................................................................... 168Strategies for Recovery ............................................................................................................ 168Dev-Test-Ops Organization .................................................................................................. 169Remote Script Execution ..................................................................................................... 171Summary .................................................................................................................................. 172Table of ContentsixChapter 8: High Availability, Scalability, and Disaster Recovery .......................... 173High Availability ......................................................................................................................... 173Asynchronous Messaging .................................................................................................... 175Atomic and Idempotent Services ......................................................................................... 175Graceful Degradation ........................................................................................................... 175Offline Access ...................................................................................................................... 176Scalability ................................................................................................................................. 176Implementation Patterns ..................................................................................................... 178Disaster Recovery ..................................................................................................................... 183PaaS—SQL Offering ............................................................................................................ 183PaaS—Storage .................................................................................................................... 189IaaS—SQL Server as a Virtual Machine Offering ................................................................ 192Summary .................................................................................................................................. 195Chapter 9: Availability and Economics of 9s ........................................................ 197Economics of 9s ........................................................................................................................ 198Economics of (Non)-Availability ................................................................................................ 198Computing Availability ............................................................................................................... 199Monitoring Availability ............................................................................................................... 201Enforcing Availability via SLA .................................................................................................... 204Designing for SLA ..................................................................................................................... 205Redundant System .............................................................................................................. 206Cold Standby System ........................................................................................................... 206Warm Standby System ........................................................................................................ 206Automatic Failover System .................................................................................................. 207Always Available System ..................................................................................................... 208Economics of Downtime and Availability .................................................................................. 209Downtime Costs .................................................................................................................. 210Availability Costs ................................................................................................................. 210Summary .................................................................................................................................. 210Table of Contentsx

Hardening Azure Applications Techniques and Principles for Building Large-Scale, Mission-Critical Applications PDF

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