Languages of Science in the Eighteenth Century Languages of Science in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Britt-Louise Gunnarsson De Gruyter Mouton ISBN 978-3-11-025505-8 e-ISBN 978-3-11-025506-5 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Languages of science in the eighteenth century / edited by Britt- LouiseGunnarsson. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-3-11-025505-8(alk.paper) 1. Science (cid:2) Europe (cid:2) History (cid:2) 18th century. 2. Technical writing(cid:2)Europe(cid:2)History(cid:2)18thcentury. 3.Scientists(cid:2)Europe(cid:2) Intellectuallife(cid:2)18thcentury. I.Gunnarsson,Britt-Louise. Q127.E8L36 2011 509.4109033(cid:2)dc23 2011017257 BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternetathttp://dnb.d-nb.de. (cid:2)2011WalterdeGruyterGmbH&Co.KG,Berlin/Boston Typesetting:PTP-BerlinProtago-T X-ProductionGmbH,Berlin E Printing:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen (cid:3)Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com Contents Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Editor’s acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Introduction Introduction: Languagesofscienceintheeighteenthcentury . . . . . . 3 Britt-Louise Gunnarsson Section 1. Theforming of scientificcommunities Church,state,university, andtheprintingpress:Conditions forthe emergenceandmaintenanceofautonomyofscientificpublication in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 CharlesBazerman Philology intheeighteenth century:EuropeandSweden . . . . . . . . 45 Gunilla Gren-Eklund TheSwedishAcademyofSciences:Languagepolicyandlanguage practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 UlfTeleman Section 2. Theemergenceof newlanguages of science Scientificliteracyineighteenth-centuryGermany . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 RenataSchellenberg Fromvernaculartonationallanguage:Languageplanning andthe discourseofscienceineighteenth-centurySweden. . . . . . . . . . . . 107 AnnaHelgaHannesdóttir FromLatinand SwedishtoLatinin Swedish.Ontheearlymodern emergenceofaprofessionalvernacularvarietyinSweden . . . . . . . . 123 LarsWollin vi Contents Scienceandnaturallanguageintheeighteenthcentury:Buffonand Linnaeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 RichardSörman Fromtheoryofideastotheoryofsuccedaneum:TheLinnaeanbotanical nomenclature(s)as“apoint ofviewontheworld” . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 PhilippeSelosse Section3. Thespreadof scientificideas Linnaeus’sinternationalcorrespondence.Thespreadofarevolution . . 171 Ann-MariJönsson TheinfluenceofCarlLinnaeusontheEncyclopaedia Britannica of1771 193 RosemarieGläser LinnaeusandtheSiberianexpeditions: Translatingpolitical empireinto akingdomofknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 KennethJ.Knoespel Theintroduction oftheLinnaeanclassificationofnatureinPortugal . . 227 Palmira FontesdaCosta Section4. Thedevelopmentof scientificwriting LinnaeusasaconnectinglinkinSwedishlanguagehistory . . . . . . . 247 BoRalph Calendarandaphorism:Agenericstudy ofCarlLinnaeus’sFundamenta Botanica andPhilosophia Botanica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Han-LiangChang Thereflectivecultivator?Model readersineighteenth-centurySwedish gardenliterature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 AndreasNord Thelinguistic construction ofscientificality inearlySwedishmedical texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Britt-Louise Gunnarsson Eighteenth-centuryEnglish medicaltextsanddiscoursesonreproduction 333 PäiviPahta Subjectindex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Contributors CharlesBazerman University ofCalifornia,SantaBarbara DepartmentofEducation 3208Education Building SantaBarbara CA93106 USA [email protected] Han-liangChang FudanUniversity DepartmentofChinese 220HandanRoad Shanghai200433,China National TaiwanUniversity 1RooseveltRoad,Section4 Taipei,Taiwan10674 [email protected] Palmira FontesdaCosta UniversidadeNovadeLisboa Unit ofHistoryandPhilosophy ofScienceandTechnology FacultyofSciencesandTechnology 2829-516 CampusdaCaparica Portugal [email protected] RosemarieGläser University ofLeipzig FacultyofPhilology Institute ofBritishStudies Privateaddress: AmStaffelstein6 01328 Dresden Germany viii Contributors GunillaGren-Eklund UppsalaUniversity DepartmentofLinguistics andPhilology Privateaddress: Salagatan12B 75330Uppsala Sweden gunilla.gren-eklund@lingfil.uu.se Britt-LouiseGunnarsson UppsalaUniversity DepartmentofScandinavianLanguages Box527 75120Uppsala Sweden [email protected] AnnaHelgaHannesdóttir UniversityofGothenburg DepartmentofSwedish Box200 40530Göteborg Sweden [email protected] Ann-MariJönsson UppsalaUniversity DepartmentofLinguistics andPhilology Box635 75126UPPSALA Sweden ann-mari.jonsson@lingfil.uu.se KennethJ.Knoespel GeorgiaInstitute ofTechnology SchoolofLiterature,CommunicationandCulture 221BobbyDoddWay Atlanta GA30332-0165, USA [email protected] Contributors ix AndreasNord University ofGothenburg DepartmentofSwedish Box200 40530Göteborg Sweden [email protected] Päivi Pahta University ofTampere SchoolofLanguage,Translation andLiteraryStudies 33014 UniversityofTampere Finland paivi.pahta@uta.fi BoRalph University ofGothenburg DepartmentofSwedish Box200 40530Göteborg Sweden [email protected] RenataSchellenberg Mount Allison University ModernLanguagesandLiterature CrabtreeBuilding 49AYorkStreet Sackville N.B.E4L1C7 Canada [email protected] PhilippeSelosse Université LumièreLyon2 FacultédesLettres,SciencesduLangageetArts 18QuaiClaude-Bernard 69365 Lyoncedex07 France [email protected]