MARINE ENGINEERING MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA • MADRAS MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK • BOSTON • CHICAGO DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO • THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. TORONTO MAEINE ENGINEEBING TEXT-BOOK) (A BY ENGINEER-CAPTAIN A. E. TOMPKINS, C.B.E. ROYAL NAVY (RETIRED) LATE INSTRUCTOR IN STEAM AND MARINE ENCilNEERINO, MACHINE CONSTRUCTION, ETC. AT THE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE, GREENWICH AND LECTURER AT THE ROYAL NAVAL WAR COLLEGE AUTHOR OF 'turbines,' ETC. MEMBER OK THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, ETC. FIFTH EDITION ENTIRELY REVISED, WITH ABOUT 480 ILLUSTRATIONS MACMILLAN xVND CO., LIMITED ST. MAKTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1921 \J Engineering Library COPYRIGHT J^i'rslEdition, 1S96. Additions, 1898. Additions, igoo. SecondEdition,EnlargedandReioritten, 1904. Additions, 1906. ThirdEdition,EnlargedandRewritten, 1908. FotirthEdition, RevisedandPartlyRewritten, 1914. FifthEdition,EntirelyRevised, 1921. ((k^ h^' cMojuur^a^ TO MY WIFE . MY BEST FRIEND AND STEIiNEST CRITIC 520655