Negotiating the Landscape THEMIDDLEAGESSERIES RuthMazoKarras,SeriesEditor EdwardPeters,FoundingEditor Acompletelistofbooksintheseries isavailablefromthepublisher. Negotiating the Landscape Environment and Monastic Identity in the Medieval Ardennes Ellen F. Arnold university of pennsylvania press philadelphia Copyright(cid:2)2013UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsusedfor purposesofrevieworscholarlycitation,noneofthisbook maybereproducedinanyformbyanymeanswithout writtenpermissionfromthepublisher. Publishedby UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Arnold,EllenFenzel. Negotiatingthelandscape:environmentandmonastic identityinthemedievalArdennes/EllenF.Arnold.—1sted. p. cm.—(TheMiddleAgesseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-8122-4463-2(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.AbbayedeStavelot(Stavelot,Belgium) 2.Benedictine monasteries—Belgium—Stavelot—History—To1500. 3.Humanecology—Religiousaspects—Catholic Church—History—To1500. 4.Human ecology—Ardennes—History—To1500. 5.Landscapes—Religiousaspects—History—To1500. 6.Landscapes—Ardennes—History—To1500. 7.Ardennes—Religiouslifeandcustoms—History—To 1500. I.Title. II.Series:MiddleAgesseries. BX2612.A79A76 2013 271(cid:2).1049346—dc23 2012023964 For my parents, my first and best teachers This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction:ApproachingtheMedievalLandscape 1 Chapter1.ReligiousRoots:Foundationinthe‘‘ForestWilderness’’ 31 Chapter2.ControllingtheDomesticatedLandscape:Value, Ownership,andReligiousInterpretations 62 Chapter3.FightingoverForests:EstablishingSocial andReligiousAuthority 110 Chapter4.CreatingConflict:ForestsintheMonasticImagination 145 Chapter5.TheReligiousLandscapeandMonasticIdentity 173 Epilogue:ThePassioAgilolfiRevisited 213 Timeline 219 HandlistofSources 223 Notes 227 Bibliography 271 Index 289 Acknowledgments 299 Map1.Stavelot-MalmedyintheRegionalContext.MapbySlaviˇsa Mijatovic´.Sources:JosephHalkinandC.G.Roland,eds.,Recueildes chartesdeAbbayedeStavelot-Malmedy;MauritsGysseling,Toponymisch Woordenboek. Map2.Stavelot-MalmedyandKeyLocalProperties.MapbySlaviˇsa Mijatovic´.Sources:JosephHalkinandC.G.Roland,eds.,Recueildes chartesdeAbbayedeStavelot-Malmedy;MauritsGysseling,Toponymisch Woordenboek.