New Trends in Soil Micromorphology Selim Kapur · Ahmet Mermut · Georges Stoops (Eds.) New Trends in Soil Micromorphology 123 Selim Kapur Dr. Ahmet Mermut University of Cukorova University of Saskatchewan Department of Soil and Archaeometry Dept. Soil Science Adana Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8 Turkey Canada Prof. Dr. Georges Stoops Ghent University Dept. Geology & Soil Sciences Krijgslaan 281 S8 9000 Gent Belgium ISBN: 978-3-540-79133-1 e-ISBN: 978-3-540-79134-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008932572 © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Contents The Role of Soil Micromorphology in the Light of the European Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection .......................... 1 W. E. H. Blum Soil Micromorphology and Soil Hydraulics ............................... 5 Marcello Pagliai and Miroslav Kutilek Micromorphology of a Soil Catena in Yucatán: Pedogenesis and Geomorphological Processes in a Tropical Karst Landscape ............. 19 Sergey Sedov, Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo, Scott L. Fedick, Teresa Pi-Puig, Ernestina Vallejo-Gómez, and María de Lourdes Flores-Delgadillo Soil Evolution Along a Toposequence on Glacial and Periglacial Materials in the Pyrenees Range ............................. 39 Jaume Boixadera, Montserrat Antúnez, and Rosa Maria Poch A Micromorphological Study of Andosol Genesis in Iceland .............. 67 G. Stoops, M. Gérard, and O. Arnalds Improved Paleopedological Reconstruction of Vertic Paleosols at Novaya Etuliya, Moldova Via Integration of Soil Micromorphology and Environmental Magnetism .............................................. 91 A. Tsatskin, T.S. Gendler, and F. Heller Ferricretes in Tamil Nadu, Chennai, South-Eastern India: From Landscape to Micromorphology, Genesis, and Paleoenvironmental Signifi cance ........................................ 111 Hema Achyuthan and N. Fedoroff Palygorskite Dominated Vertisols of Southern Iran ...................... 137 A. Heidari, S. Mahmoodi, and G. Stoops v vi Contents Contribution of Micromorphology to Classifi cation of Aridic Soils ....... 151 Maria Gerasimova and Marina Lebedeva Orientation and Spacing of Columnar Peds in a Sodic, Texture Contrast Soil in Australia ....................................... 163 P.G. Walsh and G.S. Humphreys Physical Fractionation and Cryo-Coupe Analysis of Mormoder Humus ................................................... 199 J. van Mourik and S. Blok Regional Manifestation of the Widespread Disruption of Soil-Landscapes by the 4 kyr BP Impact-Linked Dust Event Using Pedo-Sedimentary Micro-Fabrics ................................. 211 Marie-Agnès Courty, Alex Crisci, Michel Fedoroff, Kliti Grice, Paul Greenwood, Michel Mermoux, David Smith, and Mark Thiemens Clay Illuviation in a Holocene Palaeosol Sequence in the Chinese Loess Plateau .................................................. 237 He Xiubin, Bao Yuhai, Hua Lizhong and Tang Keli Soil Microstructure and Solution Chemistry of a Compacted Forest Soil in a Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone in Canada .......... 253 J. M. Arocena, Z. Chen and P. Sanborn Index .................................................................. 273 List of Contributors Hema Achyuthan Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India, e-mail: [email protected] Montserrat Antúnez Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia O. Arnalds Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland J. M. Arocena College of Science and Management; Canada Research Chair – Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Northern British Columbia 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC Canada V2N 4Z9, e-mail: [email protected] S. Blok Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1024 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands W.E.H. Blum Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria, e-mail: [email protected] Jaume Boixadera Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia; Secció d’Avaluació de Recursos Agraris, DARP, Generalitat de Catalunya Z. Chen Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation Branch Alberta Environment, 9820-106 Street, Edmonton, AB CANADA T5K 2J6, e-mail: [email protected] vii viii List of Contributors Marie-Agnès Courty UMR 5198, CNRS-IPH, Centre Européen de Recherches Préhistoriques, Avenue Léon-Jean Grégory, 66720 Tautavel, France, e-mail: [email protected] Alex Crisci CMTC INP, 1260 rue de la Piscine, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France, e-mail: [email protected] María de Lourdes Flores-Delgadillo Departamento de Edafología, Instituto de Geología, UNAM Scott L. Fedick Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside, e-mail: [email protected] Michel Fedoroff Laboratoriy Electrochimie & Chimie analytique, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris, France, e-mail: [email protected] N. Fedoroff Institut National Agronomique, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, e-mail: [email protected] T. S. Gendler Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshaya G ruzinskaya 10, Moscow 123810, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] M. Gérard UR GEOTROPE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Bondy, France Paul Greenwood Centre for Land Rehabilitation, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences University of WA, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Australia, e-mail: [email protected] Kliti Grice Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box 1987, 6845 Perth, Australia, e-mail: [email protected] A. Heidari Department of Soil Science, Agriculture College, University of Tehran, Daneshkadeh St. Karaj, Iran, e-mail: [email protected], F. Heller Institut für Geophysik, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, e-mail: [email protected] G.S. Humphreys Department of Physical Geography, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia List of Contributors ix Tang Keli Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, e-mail: [email protected] Miroslav Kutílek Emeritus Professor, Nad Patankou 34, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Rep., e-mail: [email protected] Hua Lizhong Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China, e-mail: [email protected] S. Mahmoodi Department of Soil Science, Agriculture College, University of Tehran, Daneshkadeh St. Karaj, Tran, e-mail: [email protected], Maria Gerasimova Moscow Lomonosov University, Faculty of Geography Leninskie Gory 119992, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] Marina Lebedeva Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhevskiy pereulok, 7, Moscow 109017, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] Michel Mermoux LEPMI-ENSEEG, Domaine Universitaire, BP75, 38042 Saint-Martin d’Hères, France, e-mail: [email protected] Marcello Pagliai CRA – Centro di ricerca per l’agrobiologia e la pedologia, Piazza M. D’Azeglio 30–50121 Firenze, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] Teresa Pi-Puig Departamento de Geoquímica, Instituto de Geología, UNAM, e-mail: [email protected] Rosa Maria Poch Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, e-mail: [email protected] P. Sanborn Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC Canada V2N4Z9, e-mail: [email protected] David Smith Lab. LEME/Nanoanalysis, MNHN, Laboratoire de Minéralogie, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France, e-mail: [email protected] x List of Contributors Sergey Sedov Departamento de Edafología, Instituto de Geología, UNAM, e-mail: [email protected] Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo Departamento de Edafología, Instituto de Geología, UNAM, e-mail: solleiro@geologi a.unam.mx G. Stoops Laboratorium voor Mineralogie, Petrologie en Micropedologie, Universiteit Gent; Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, e-mail: [email protected], Mark Thiemens Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego 92093-0352, USA, e-mail: [email protected] A. Tsatskin Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel, e-mail: [email protected] Ernestina Vallejo-Gómez Departamento de Edafología, Instituto de Geología, UNAM J. van Mourik Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam. Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1024 AD Amsterdam P. G. Walsh Department of Physical Geography, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Macquarie University; Forests NSW, Department of Primary Industries, NSW, Australia, e-mail: [email protected] He Xiubin Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, e-mail: [email protected] Bao Yuhai Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China, e-mail: [email protected]