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BALKEMA PUBLISHERS LEIDEN/ LONDON/ NEW YORK/ PHILADELPHIA/ SINGAPORE CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150115 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-5988-9 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to pub- lish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copy- right.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Konietzky-Prelims 1/7/04 12:26 5^12 NumericalModelingofDiscreteMaterials^Konietzky(ed.) (cid:30)2004Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN9058096351 Table of Contents Preface IX Organization XI Masonry Structures Comparative computations ofmasonry archbridges usingcontinuum anddiscontinuum mechanics 3 R.Schlegel, K. Rautenstrauch &J.Will Modeling stonemasonry dynamicswith 3DEC 7 J.V. Lemos Failureanalysis ofmasonry shear walls 15 R.Schlegel &K. Rautenstrauch Tunnels and Caverns The Gotthard-Base-Tunnel: conceptual modelingfortunnelingextremely weak zones 21 H.Konietzky, L. teKamp& H.Hagedorn Astudy onthedeformationof theliningofa circular tunnelaccording tothevariation of ground condition 29 Y.S.Oh,T.W.Ha,J.S. Lee&Y.W.Park Modeled versusobserved tunnelperformance inweak bedded rockunder highcover: theDhiarizos tunnelcase study(Cyprus) 35 S.C.Bandis, J.C.Sharp,C.A.Schinas, G.N. Vardakis&P.I. Chrysochoou UDEC modelingoftunnel cavern excavation in Sydney 43 Y. Sun& R.Bertuzzi Numerical analysisof thebehavior ofa karst cavern atCastellana-Grotte, Italy 49 P.Lollino, M.Parise&A.Reina Modeling-aided designofa verylarge spanunderground excavation 57 S.C.Bandis,C.A. Schinas&J.C.Sharp Stabilitystudy ontheXiaolangdipowerhouse cavern byUDEC andDIANA 65 Z. Huang,E.Broch &M.Lu DEM research onthemechanical behavior of jointedrockmass and thesupportstructure ofshallow tunnels 73 G.Wang,F. Heinrich &H.Konietzky Mining and Waste Repositories Useof 3DEC topredictroofmovements in thickcoal seam operationswhere non-entry faces are employed 85 C. Liu&Y. Tan V Konietzky-Prelims 1/7/04 12:26 6^12 Numerical modelingwith 3DEC andrisk assessment for ageometrically complex and highlystressedsillpillar atOnaping Mine 89 C.P.O’Connor, P.P.Andrieux,C. Pritchard &B.P.Simser Influence of rockmass characteristics oninflowinto depositionholesfornuclear waste disposal –a coupledhydro-mechanical analysisusing 3DEC 95 D.MasIvars, E. Hakami&O.Stephansson Back analysisrock burstVo¨lkershausen 1989 105 W.Minkley Safety assessment forthelandsurface inthevicinity ofthepotash shaftNeustaßfurt VI 113 K. Salzer,W.Minkley &T. Popp Determination and validationof therockmass post-peak mechanical properties for a3DEC strain-softening modelof the680SillPillar atLouvicourt Mine 121 P.P.Andrieux, H.Zhu,D.Labrie, C. Doucet, S.Lampron &D.Fleury General Geomechanics Modeling creep injointedrockmasses 131 R.Glamheden, H.Ho¨kmark &R. Christiansson 3D-hydromechanical modelingof hydraulicstimulationof deepgeothermal wells inHot Fractured RockatSoultz-sous-For^ets (Alsace-France) 139 A.Hosni, S.Gentier, X.Rachez &D.Billaux UDEC modelingofconstant normalstiffness direct shear tests 145 J.B. Szymakowski UDEC modelingoftruck dumping 151 Y. Sun Numerical stress fieldmodelingforunderground structures 155 H.Konietzky &L.teKamp 3DEC modelingresultsgeneralized bystochastic approach 165 J.Jakubowski Syntheticearthquake sequences – aspectsof thespatiotemporalevent distribution 175 H.Schelle&G.Gru¨nthal Simulationof tectonic historytodefine rockmass stresses onaregional geological scale 183 I.H.Clark Rock Reinforcements Dynamic rock bolttest andUDEC simulations fora largecavern under shock load 191 H.Hagedorn The elasto-plastic material behavior ofrockanchors withhardening and itsapplicationin mining 199 A.Hausdorf, F.Heinrich & H.Konietzky Discussion onthedetermination oftheK parameter forthenumerical modelingof bond cablebolt elementswith 3DEC 209 H.Zhu Rockboltingand rock supportandtheir combinationinhard coal mining– acomparative studymade with UDEC 213 U.Lendel VI Konietzky-Prelims 1/7/04 12:26 7^12 Mining reinforcement viabilitydeterminationin situin strongtectonizedrock mass usingDKRControl method 219 Gy. Dea´k,S¸t.E. Dea´k,M.Georgescu, C.Predescu, M.Scurtu &C.Cioata Slopes, Dams and Foundations Aninvestigation onstability and supportof intakerockslopes of Karun III Damand power project 229 N. Meyer &K.Ahangari Anumerical studyaboutflexure topplingphenomenon onrock slope 235 Y. Mitani,T. Esaki&Y. Cai AUDEC model for‘‘kinkband slumping’’ typefailures ofrockslopes 243 A.Preh &R. Poisel Application of adiscontinuitymodel withsoftening totheanalysis ofdamfoundations usingtheDiscrete Element Method 249 R.Resende, J.V. Lemos &P.B.Dinis Foundationonrock: effect ofrock fractures onsettlement of bridgepiers 257 P.Alfonsi, O.Fouche(cid:2)&E.Bourgeois Stress and seepage analysesfor agravitydam ona jointedgranitic rockmass 263 G.Barla,M.Bonini&G.Cammarata Numerical analysisof an oldmasonry damusingUDEC 269 M.Dolezalova Footwall slopefailure mechanisms anddesignconsiderations usingUDEC 279 L.R.Alejano Application of UDECto astress-related mineslopefailure atLeighCreek, South Australia 289 M.A. Coulthard, D.S.Lucas &P.G. Fuller Author Index 297 VII TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk Konietzky-Prelims 1/7/04 12:27 9^12 NumericalModelingofDiscreteMaterials^Konietzky(ed.) (cid:30)2004Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN9058096351 Preface This volume contains 40 of the 50 papers presented at the 1st International UDEC/3DEC Symposium on ‘‘Numerical Modeling of Discrete Materials in Geotechnical Engineering, Civil Engineering and Earth Sci- ences’’ held in Bochum, Germany, September 29 – October 01, 2004. The conference was organized by ITASCAConsultantsGmbH,Germany. Thecontributionspresentedherefocusonapplicationsandnewdevelopmentsinthefollowingfields: (cid:1) rockslopestability,deformationandfailuremechanisms (cid:1) tunnelsandcavernsinfracturedrockmasses (cid:1) applicationofDEMinundergroundandsurfacemining (cid:1) reinforcementdesign(anchors,shotcrete,bolts) (cid:1) damanalysis (cid:1) earthquake,faultandrockburstmodeling (cid:1) mechanicalbehaviorofmasonrystructures(walls,bridges,towers,columns) (cid:1) micromechanicalparticlebehavior (cid:1) dynamicbehaviorofdiscretestructures Severalpapersrelatedtotheuseofparticle-basedmethods,likePFC,werepresentedattheUDEC/3DEC Symposium.ThesepapershavebeenincludedintheProceedingsofthe2ndInternationalPFCSymposiumon ‘‘NumericalModelinginMicromechanicsviaParticleMethods,’’heldinKyoto,Japan,October28–29,2004. OnbehalfoftheOrganizationCommitteeIwouldliketoacknowledgeseveralcolleaguesfromourforeign ITASCA offices, especially Mrs. Michele Nelson and Mrs. Valerie Gustafson for handling the written pub- licationsaswellasDr.PeterCundall,MarkChristiansonandDr.RogerHartfordiscussionsontechnicaland scientificdetails. H.Konietzky Editor IX