Lionel J. Windsor Paul and the Vocation of Israel 17-01-1409:49:36 TITEL4 U485 Format:155x230mm Metaserver2(PKW) Release19.00xSOLAR09Jan14.1039onThuJan910:39:28GMT2014 Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft Edited by James D. G. Dunn, Carl R. Holladay, Matthias Konradt, Hermann Lichtenberger, Jens Schröter and Gregory E. Sterling Volume 205 17-01-1409:49:36 TITEL4 U485 Format:155x230mm Metaserver2(PKW) Release19.00xSOLAR09Jan14.1039onThuJan910:39:28GMT2014 Lionel J. Windsor Paul and the Vocation of Israel How Paul’s Jewish Identity Informs his Apostolic Ministry, with Special Reference to Romans DE GRUYTER 17-01-1409:49:36 TITEL4 U485 Format:155x230mm Metaserver2(PKW) Release19.00xSOLAR09Jan14.1039onThuJan910:39:28GMT2014 ISBN978-3-11-033188-2 e-ISBN978-3-11-033201-8 ISSN0171-6441 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ACIPcatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenappliedforattheLibraryofCongress. BibliographicInformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de. ©2014WalterdeGruyterGmbH,Berlin/Boston Druck:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen ♾Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com 17-01-1409:49:36 TITEL4 U485 Format:155x230mm Metaserver2(PKW) Release19.00xSOLAR09Jan14.1039onThuJan910:39:28GMT2014 For Bronwyn Acknowledgements This book is based on a PhD thesis completed at Durham University in 2012. I cannotexpressenoughmygratitudeforBronwyn,my wifeandtruecompanion offifteenyears,whosupportedandlovedme allthewaythroughthetrialsand joysofthethreeyearsthatbeganwhenweuprootedourfamilyandmovedhalf- wayaroundtheworldfromSydneytoDurham.Theendeavourwasverymucha joint effort, and Bronwyn deserves as much credit as I.Our children, Adelaide, HarryandEllie,committedmembersoftheAustralianDiaspora,wereajoyanda delight.Our extended family, especially our parents,were a constant source of support and care during our time in the UK—despite our being ten thousand miles away. Havingtimeandspacetostudyis,ofcourse,agreatprivilegewhichrequires tangible support.We are grateful tothe trusteesof the Joan Augusta Mackenzie TravellingScholarship,whichprovidedjustoverathirdofourexpenses.Wealso wishtoextendmanythanksforthegiftsfrombrothersandsistersinchurchesin the Sydney Diocese: Kurrajong Anglican Church, Unichurch / Campus Bible Study at the University of New South Wales, St Augustine’s Anglican Church at Neutral Bay, St Michael’s Anglican Church at Wollongong; as well as from ChristchurchDurham.Somanyprayedforusandprovideduswiththefinancial supportthathasenabledustoliveintheUK.SandyGrant,DeanofStMichael’s Anglican Cathedral in Wollongong, provided me with valuable encouragement and practical help in the period leading up to the commencement of the PhD, andhascontinuedhisencouragementandbrotherlycaretothisday.Thesaints at ChristchurchDurhamwereourchurchfamily,whoministeredtous andena- bled me to keep my feet on the ground of Christian ministry while my head sometimes felt like it was in the clouds. Inwritingthisbook,Iamofcourseindebtedtomanyscholarsandteachers whohavegonebeforeme.Manyoftheideasandmethodsinthisworkstemfrom my experience at Moore College in Sydney; I greatly value the teaching and friends made during my time there. Mark Thompson and John Woodhouse, in particular, have been superb role models as pastor-theologians. I should also mentiontheinvaluablelegacyofDonaldRobinson,apioneerofevangelicalbib- licaltheologywhotaughtthestudentsatMooreCollegeabouttheimportanceof theJew-GentiledynamicasaninterpretativekeytotheNewTestamentlongbe- fore it became popular in mainstream scholarship. I owe a number of the key ideas in this book to his remarkably fertile mind. I am also immenselygrateful for the ministry of Phillip Jensen,whose teaching and training showed me the importanceofkeepingin-depthscholarlytheologyandpracticalministryfirmly intertwined,despitetheconstantpressuresto separatethem.I alsooweagreat VIII Acknowledgements deal to Brian Rosner, my Masters supervisor,whose insights have inspired me, whoseencouragementledmetotakeupPhDstudy,andwhosehelpinsmooth- ing the way (graciously letting me go as a potential PhD candidate at Moore) contributed a great deal to the ease of transition from Sydney to Durham. I would also like to thank Con Campbell,who graciously pointed me to Durham as a potential place for further study. Mydecision tocometo studyat Durham,whilecostly,was made in lightof itsreputationasaplaceofsuperbscholarship.Iwasnotdisappointed.TheDe- partmentofTheologyandReligionatDurhamUniversitywasastimulatingand challengingenvironment,andI benefittedgreatlyfromtheexperience.Iames- peciallygratefulformysupervisor,FrancisWatson.ProfessorWatsonisnotonly adeeplytheologicalthinker,heisalsoanenormouslyinsightfulreaderoftexts. Hissimultaneouslysympatheticandcriticalreadingofmyowntext(throughso manyiterations) notonlyplayeda key rolein shapingthe final product, it also provided me with an outstanding model of critical scholarly engagement. I wouldalsoliketoextendspecialthankstoLutzDoering,mysecondarysupervi- sor,whowent beyondthe call ofdutyin providingme with manyhours of per- sonaltuitioninunderstandingthebackgroundtoancientJewishtexts.Myexam- iners,JohnBarclayandWilliamCampbell,honouredmy workwithexceedingly careful reading and invaluable further insights. Iwouldalso like to express mysincere thanks toAlbrecht Döhnert andthe editorialteamatWalterdeGruyter,whoprovidedmanyfurtherbeneficialrecom- mendationsandsuggestionsforimprovementofthemanuscriptforthispublica- tion in the BZNWseries. Iholdfondmemoriesofthestudyroomsat37ABailey,Durham,wherethe bulk of this work was written.We had a lot of fun, and I have benefitted enor- mouslyfromthedepth ofspiritualand academic insightrepresentedbymyfel- lowstudents.IparticularlyvaluethespecialfriendshipofPeterOrr,whosepas- sionandcommitmenttothegospelofChristcontinuestoinformandencourage myown teaching and ministry. ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ δι᾽ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ πάντα· αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας, ἀμήν. (Romans 11:36) Contents  Introduction 1 . Paul’s Jewish identity 3 . The vocational dimension of Jewish identity 9 . Romans: An exercise in Jewish vocation 15 . Preview of the argument 19  Review of literature 22 . Paul’s apostolic mission and Israel’s vocation 22 .. “Patterns of religion” approaches 22 .. Albert Schweitzer 25 .. Johannes Munck 26 .. Krister Stendahl 27 .. Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr 28 .. Stanley Stowers 29 .. James Dunn 31 .. N. T. Wright 32 .. Terence Donaldson 35 . Related issues 36 .. The relationship between Jewish identity and Christ-believing identity 36 .. The debate over Jewish “mission” 40 . Summary 43  Paul’s language of Jewish identity 44 . Jewish distinctiveness 45 .. “Jew” and “circumcision”: Terms of Jewish distinctiveness 45 .. Common objections to the notion of Jewish distinctiveness in Paul 47 ... Gentiles as the “seed of Abraham”? 48 ... An inclusive use of “Israel” in Rom 9–11? 48 ... Paul’s definition of “Israel” in terms of God’s “call” (Rom 9:6b–13) 49 ... The metaphor of the olive tree (Rom 11:17–24) 51 ... “We are the circumcision” (Phil 3:3) 53 ... The “Israel of God” (Gal 6:16) 55 ... Christians as “spiritual” Jews? (Rom 2:28–29) 61 .. An ethnic distinctiveness 61 .. A theological distinctiveness 64 X Contents . Jewish identity and divine revelation 67 .. Jewish identity and the Law of Moses 68 .. “Israelites” and divine revelation 73 .. “Hebrews” and divine revelation 76 . Jewish identity and divine vocation 78 .. The Law of Moses: A basis for Jewish vocation 78 .. Abraham’s fatherhood / seed: A paradigm for Jewish vocation 82 ... In Paul’s letters 82 ... In Paul’s Jewish context 84 .. “Judaism” / “zeal”: Paul’s former expression of Jewish vocation 89 .. Paul’s opposition to alternative expressions of Jewish vocation 93 . Summary: Paul’s language of Jewish identity 94  TheJewishnessofPaul’svocation(Romans1:1–15&15:14–33) 96 . Paul and the Isaianic Servant 99 .. Paul’s identification with the Isaianic Servant: Evidence 100 .. Paul’s identification with the Isaianic Servant: Common objections 104 ... Δοῦλος: A term of humility? 104 ... Δοῦλος: A common term for believers? 107 ... Δοῦλος: An economic or political allusion? 109 .. Paul’s identification with the Isaianic Servant: Significance 111 . Paul and Israel’s priesthood 112 .. Paul’s consecration 112 .. Paul’s priestly ministry 114 . Paul and contemporary expressions of Jewish vocation 119 .. “Proselytism”? 121 .. Accommodation? 126 .. Apologetics? 127 .. Israel asa global priesthood? 129 .. Eschatological expectations 130 .. Apparent anomalies 135 . Summary: Paul’s fulfilment of Israel’s eschatological vocation 137  Paul’s contest over Jewish identity (Romans 2:17–29) 140 . Romans 2:17–29 asan argument about Jewish identity 140