Philo of Alexandria OnCultivation Philo of Alexandria Commentary Series GeneralEditor GregoryE.Sterling AssociateEditor DavidT.Runia EditorialBoard haroldw.attridge–ellenbirnbaum johndillon–annewiesvandenhoek–alanmendelson thomastobin,s.j.–davidwinston VOLUME4 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/pacs Philo of Alexandria On Cultivation Introduction, Translation, and Commentary By AlbertC.Geljon DavidT.Runia LEIDEN•BOSTON 2013 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Philo,ofAlexandria. [Deagricultura.English] PhiloofAlexandria,Oncultivation/introduction,translation,andcommentarybyAlbertC. Geljon,DavidT.Runia. pages.cm.–(PhiloofAlexandriacommentaryseries;volume4) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-24303-3(hardback:alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-24304-0(e-book) 1.Philo,ofAlexandria.Deagricultura.2.Philosophy,Ancient.I.Geljon,AlbertC.II.Runia,David T.III.Title.IV.Title:Oncultivation.V.Series:PhiloofAlexandriacommentaryseries;v.4. 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Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. Thisbookisdedicatedto EllenBirnbaum and JamesRoyse Philoscholarsanddearfriends CONTENTS GeneralIntroductiontothePhiloofAlexandriaCommentarySeries .. xi GregoryE.Sterling Preface..................................................................xvii Abbreviations........................................................... xxi Introduction............................................................ 1 1. ThePlaceoftheTreatiseinthePhilonicCorpus............... 1 2. TheGenreoftheTreatise ...................................... 6 3. TheExegeticalStructureoftheTreatise........................ 10 4. TheUseoftheBible............................................ 16 5. TheMainThemesoftheTreatise .............................. 21 6. TheIntellectualSitzimLeben .................................. 25 7. TheNachlebenoftheTreatise.................................. 32 8. TheTextoftheTreatise ........................................ 35 9. StatusQuaestionis:PreviousScholarshipontheTreatise....... 35 10. SomeNotesontheMethodUsedintheTranslationandthe Commentary................................................... 38 TRANSLATION PHILOOFALEXANDRIA,ONCULTIVATION PartOne:NoahAsCultivator(§§1–123) ................................ 45 PartTwo:NoahBeginsAsaCultivator(§§124–181)..................... 67 NotestotheTextandTranslation....................................... 79 COMMENTARY TitleoftheWork........................................................ 85 PartOne:NoahAsCultivator ........................................... 87 I. FirstDistinctionbetweenCultivatorandWorkeroftheEarth (§§1–25)........................................................ 87 viii contents a. CitationandLiteralInterpretation:TheSkillofthe Cultivator(§§1–7) ......................................... 88 b. AllegoricalInterpretation:TheCultivationoftheSoul (§§8–11).................................................... 96 c. LimitationsoftheMerelyTheoreticalSciences(§§12–16) 101 d. TheSkillofCultivating:TheSoulAnnouncesIts Programme(§§17–19) ..................................... 110 e. ComparisonofNoahwithCain,theWorkeroftheEarth (§§20–25).................................................. 112 II. SecondDistinctionbetweenShepherdandCattle-Feeder (§§26–66)...................................................... 120 a. IntroducingAnotherDistinction(§§26–29)............... 121 b. ExplanationoftheDistinctioninAllegoricalTerms (§§30–40) ................................................. 124 c. ScripturalEvidence:JacobandMosesAsShepherds (§§41–43).................................................. 135 d. Moses’PrayeronBehalfoftheSoul(§§44–48) ............ 139 e. GodAstheGoodShepherd(§§49–54) .................... 145 f. ProofThatGod’sDisciplesPractisetheScienceof Shepherding(§§55–63).................................... 154 g. ObjectiontotheAllegoricalExegesisAnswered (§§64–66) ................................................. 159 III. ThirdDistinctionbetweenHorsemanandRider(§§67–123) .. 163 a. IntroducingaThirdDistinction(§§67–71) ................ 163 b. TheSameDistinctionExplainedAllegorically(§§72–78) 168 c. TheFallofHorseandRiderCelebrated(§§79–83) ........ 173 d. NoHorse-FeederAsRuler(§§84–93)...................... 178 e. TheSerpentofMosesandtheSerpentofEve(§§94–105) 184 f. TheFalloftheHorseman(§§106–123)..................... 195 PartTwo:NoahBeginsAsCultivator.................................... 209 I. MakingtheRightBeginning(§§124–145) ...................... 209 a. Introduction:TheImportanceofBeginningandEnd (§§124–126)................................................ 210 b. Cain’sErrorinNotDistinguishingCorrectly(§§127–130).. 211 c. AllegorizationofaDietaryPrescriptionInvolving Division(§§131–135) ....................................... 216 d. ExamplesofExcessiveDivisions(§§136–141).............. 223 e. SophistsComparedwithPigs(§§142–145)................. 230 contents ix II. MakingProgressonthePathtoPerfection(§§146–168) ....... 234 a. IntroductionofaNewBiblicalTextonMilitaryService (§§146–148)................................................ 235 b. RejectionoftheLiteralMeaning(§§149–156) ............. 237 c. AllegoricalInterpretation:Progressingtowards Excellence(§§157–168) .................................... 241 III. ASuccessfulEnd(§§169–181).................................. 252 a. GivingHonourtoGodtheCauseofGoodEnds (§§169–173)................................................ 253 b. WhenAdvancingAvoidDeliberateTransgressions (§§174–180) ................................................ 258 c. Conclusion:NoahBeginsbutDoesNotReachtheGoal (§181) ...................................................... 265 Bibliography ............................................................ 267 1. PhiloofAlexandria............................................. 267 2. OtherAncientTexts............................................ 268 3. ModernScholarlyLiterature ................................... 273 Indices.................................................................. 287 IndexofBiblicalPassagesCited .................................... 289 IndexofPhilonicPassagesCited ................................... 291 IndexofAncientTextsCited ....................................... 295 IndexofSubjectsandNames....................................... 299 IndexofGreekTerms............................................... 307