1 Problem-Based Learning Approach in Microbiology  Khalid Mubarak Bindayna  Microbiology, College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom  of Bahrain  Jameela Al-Salman Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain  2 Table of Contents  Cover image  Title page  Copyright  Dedication  Acknowledgment  How to use this book  Chapter 1. Basic concepts in microbiology and immunology  Abstract  Contents  Problem number 1.1: antibiotics  Diagnosis  Treatment Follow-up and outcome  Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Key take-aways  3 Problem number 1.2: sterilization  Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Key take-aways  Problem number 1.3: fever  Diagnosis  Treatment and support  Follow-up and outcome  Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Key take-aways  Problem number 1.4: food poisoning caused by Shigella flexneri  Diagnosis  Treatment Follow-up and outcome  4 Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  Problem number 1.5: immunodeficiency  Diagnosis  Treatment and therapy  Follow-up and outcome  Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Key take-aways  References  Chapter 2. Infections of the central and sensory nervous system  Abstract  Contents  5 Problem number 2.1: Tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani infection  Diagnosis  Treatment Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  Problem number 2.2: Shingles caused by herpes zoster virus infection  Diagnosis  Treatment Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  Problem number 2.3: Preseptal cellulitis caused by Hemophilus  6 influenzae infection  Diagnosis  Treatment Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  Problem number 2.4: Subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus pyo-  genes infection  Diagnosis  Treatment Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  7 References  Chapter 3. Infections of the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system  Abstract  Contents  Problem number 3.1: Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess caused due to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection  Diagnosis  Treatment Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  Problem number 3.2: Liver failure caused by cytomegalovirus-induced  hepatitis  Diagnosis  Treatment 8 Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  Problem number 3.3: Ulcerative colitis caused by rotavirus infection  Diagnosis  Treatment Follow-up and outcome  Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  Problem number 3.4: Gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori  Diagnosis  Treatment 9 Follow-up and outcome  Question and answer  Learning objectives  Discussion  Etiological agent  Key take-aways  References  Chapter 4. Infections of the respiratory system  Abstract  Contents  Problem number 4.1: Community-acquired pneumonia caused by  Streptococcus pneumoniae  Current (on-going) medications  Diagnosis  Treatment Question and answer  Learning objectives  10