This study is Pew Research Center’s most comprehensive, in-depth exploration of India to date. 
For this report, we surveyed 29,999 Indian adults (including 22,975 who identify as Hindu, 3,336 
who identify as Muslim, 1,782 who identify as Sikh, 1,011 who identify as Christian, 719 who 
identify as Buddhist, 109 who identify as Jain and 67 who identify as belonging to another religion 
or as religiously unaffiliated). Interviews for this nationally representative survey were conducted 
face-to-face under the direction of RTI International from Nov. 17, 2019, to March 23, 2020. 
To improve respondent comprehension of survey questions and to ensure all questions were 
culturally appropriate, Pew Research Center followed a multi-phase questionnaire development 
process that included expert review, focus groups, cognitive interviews, a pretest and a regional 
pilot survey before the national survey. The questionnaire was developed in English and translated 
into 16 languages, independently verified by professional linguists with native proficiency in 
regional dialects. 
Respondents were selected using a probability-based sample design that would allow for robust 
analysis of all major religious groups in India – Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and 
Jains – as well as all major regional zones. Data was weighted to account for the different 
probabilities of selection among respondents and to align with demographic benchmarks for the 
Indian adult population from the 2011 census. The survey is calculated to have covered 98% of 
Indians ages 18 and older and had an 86% national response rate.

Religions in india: tolerance and segregation PDF

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