V ~ •> JJ. f { '*JZ V L/^W / \ o -•Í.1 CONTENTS FOREWARD LIST OF KEY TERMS CONFERENCE PROGRAM xxxi ROSTER OF SPEAKERS xxxv i ABSTRACTS xxxx REPORTS FOREWORD The idea for convening a conference on major global water law systems originated in 1972. Part of its motivation can be traced to prevailing difficulties experienced by practitioners in the field of water legislation and administration in locating appropriate material and insightful information on water management control practices and alternative systems. Faced with the proposition of taking a "tradi- tional" approach, i.e., that of providing advice based primarily upon knowledge of one's own system, the alternative of gathering relevant materials on other systems in order to provide a multi-disciplinary line of attack was preferred. This involves the creation of a spec- trum of alternative control approaches to resolve particular water resources problems and insure proper water resources development and management. Thus, the present Conference exemplifies this broader commitment. Through the strong interest and support from several acencies and foundations and the enthusiastic response from Spain to host the Conference, the project materialized. One of the critical factors of any effort to bring together ex- perts and others working in a field is that a solid foundation of material be presented and discussed. Thanks to the Rockefeller Foundation, financial support was made available to prepare a pre- conference publication of key reports on the topics to be discussed. This report which contains the contracted and contributed reports of some twenty-five specialists in water resources areas, contains in varying detail the substance of positions to be presented and dis- cussed at the International Conference on Global Water Law Systems in Valencia, Spain from 1-7 September 1975. The authors have worked hard to report on their topics according to a pre-set outline and agreed- upon common line of exposition. The Conference Committee welcomes and requests any comments on the reports or information and materials or topics covered herein or relevant to the legal aspects of improving water development and management. Valencia, Spain was selected as an appropriate area for convening the Conference because it sits at the crossroads of three major water law systems, it has an active and effective local system for water management, and a unique and ancient institution, the Tribunal of Waters, for resolving water disputes summarily and inexpensively. At the same time, the physical terrain in the valley of Valencia provides a range of irrigated agriculture from olive trees to rice paddies and a poignant example of the role of proper water managment in trans- forming, through appropriate interventions, the semi-arid ecosystem into a highly productive agricultural and industrial area. Other support has been received from USAID, NSF, CID, SCU, and USU. The Conference is being convened with cooperation from ILA and IAWL, with participation by the Center for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport of the United Nations Secretariat of New York. These organizations and agencies share with all of us the concern on managing efficiently and effectively a precious natural resource and in developing through cross-cultural experiences a commonly shared store-house of human knowledge about water resources of our planet. The committee wishes to express their appreciation to the authors of the reports contained herein, to Miguel Solanes, Conference Research Associate, and to the two Conference secretaries and the many other secretaries who so graciously and diligently worked under impossible time constraints to prepare for the Conference and this report. m LIST OF TERMS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GLOBAL WATER LAW SYSTEMS VALENCIA, SPAIN September 1975 Spanish-English English-Spanish "IV Abandono Abandonment Abastecimento de Poblaciones Urban Supply Abrevadero Watering Place Aceite de Esquistos Oil Shale Acto de Imposición de Contribucio'n Assessments Acueducto Aqueduct Acuífero Acquifer Adjudicación Adjudication Administración Administration Administración de Aguas Water Administration Administrativo Administrative Aforar To Gauge Agricultura Agriculture Aguas de Desagüe Sewage Waters; Waste Waters Aguas Difusas Diffused Surface Waters Aguas de Lluvia Rain Waters Aguas Edaficas Edafic Waters Aguas Internacionales International Waters Aguas Meteóricas Meteoric Waters Aguas Minerales Mineral Waters Aguas Privadas Private Waters Aguas Públicas Public Waters Aguas Salvadas Salvaged Waters Aguas Sobrantes Surplus Waters Aguas Subterráneas Underground Waters Aguas Termales Thermal Waters Aguas Territoriales Territorial Waters Altamar High Seas Alternativas Alternatives v Amenidad Amenity Apelación Appeal Aplicación o Petición Application Apropiación Appropriation Aprovechamiento Exploitation Abritral Arbitration Arbitro Arbitrator Archivo File Area; Cuenca de Origen Area of Origin; Basin of Origin Area Hidrográfica Hydrographic Area Arena Sand Árido Arid Arroyo Brook Artificial Artificial Asignación Allocation Asociaciones de Usuarios Users (water) Associations; Consortiums Audiencia Hearing Aumentación; Incremento Augmentation Autarquica/o Autarchic Autónomo Autonomous Autoridad Authority Autorización Authorization Boquera Field Turn Out Bombas Pumps Beneficio Costo Cost Benefit Beneficios Secundarios Secondary Benefits VI Canal Canal Canal de Retorno Return Ditch Cantidad Quality Carga Charge Carga de la Prueba Burden of Proof Cargados Charged Cequia Irrigation Canal Civilizaciones Hidráulicas Hydraulic Civilizations Código Civil Civil Code i Criminal Code Código Penal Collective Colectivo Colonization Colonización Commission Comisión Committee Comité Compensation Compensación, Indemnización Competence Competencia Gates Compuertas Concession Concesión Cone of Depression Cono de Depresión Constitution Constitución Construction Construcción Contribution Contribución Control Control Convention Convención Covenants Convenios, Pactos, Contratos Cooperative Cooperativo/a Seashore Costa Cost-Effectiveness Costo Efectividad Corte Local Basada en Costumbres Jirga (Local Customary Court) vii Corriente Runoff Corriente de Retorno Return Flow Cualidad, Calidad Quality Cuenca Basin Cuenca Hidrica Watershed Curso de Agua Watercourse Curso de Agua Temporal Ephemeral Stream Custodia Publica Public Trust Doctrine Debida Diligencia Due Diligence Decreto Decree Decreto Condicional Conditional Decree Delegación Delegation Demandado Defendant Demandas Demands Departamento Department Dependiendo de Depending From Deplecion Depletion Depurar Purify Derecho Administrativo Administrative Right Derecho Común Common Law Derechos Correlativos Correlative Rights Derecho A Litigar Standing to Sue Derecho Estatutario Statutory Law Derechos de Aguas Water Rights Riparian Rights Derechos de Ribereño Derechos Reservados Reserved Rights Derecho Precario Precarious Right Desagüe Sewage viii Desagües Sewers Desalinizacion Desalinization Desarrollo Development Descarga Discharge Desecación Desecation Deseconomías Internas Internal Diseconomies Desperdicios Waste Dique Dam Dirección Direction Distribución Distribution Distribución Equitable Equitable Apportionment Distrito District Distritos de Conservación Conservancy Districts, Conservation Districts Distrito de Riego Irrigation Districts Diversion Diversion Doctrina de la Reservación Reservation Doctrine Dominio Eminente Eminent Domain Dotaciones de Aguas Water Allotments Drenage Drainage Drene Drain Efecto de Depresión Draw-down Effect, Depressive Effect Eficiencia Efficiency Efluente Effluent Energía Energy Energía Hidráulica Hydraulic Energy Entidades Entities Entidad de Administración Administrative Body Entreface Interface vix