SovereiagnndAt uyt henticity StaantdeS ociienEt ays t SAesriiae s ElizaJb.eP tehr rSye,r iEedsi tor OfC amKeinlg asn Odt hTehirn Rgusr:R aelbA eglasiM ondesrnti ityLn a Itpmeer ial China ByR oxanPnr azniak SoviegrnaetynA du thenMtaincchiautynk:tdu h Eoeas Atsi aMnod ern ByP raseDnujairta UnedrgrnodTu:h Seh anCgomhmauin Piasrattyn t dh Peol iotfSi ucrsv ival, 1927-1937 ByP atcriiSat ranahan Webso fS moSkmeu:gg leWrasr,l Sopir,edsas ,nt dh Heis tooftry h Ien ternaDtriuogn al Trade ByK athrMyeny earn dT errPya rssinen SovereiagnndAt uyt henticity Manchukaunodt hEea sAts iaMno dern PrasDeunajriat ROWMAN LIlTLEFIEPLUDB LISHEIRNSC,. & Lanh• aBmo uld• NeerwYo rk· Oxford ROWMAN & LITILEFIEPLUDB LISHERS, INC. Publiisnht ehUden itSetda otfeAs m erica byR owma&n L ittlPeufbileilsdIh necr.s , A Membeorf tRhoew ma&n L ittlPeufbileilsdGh rionugp 4510F orbBeosu levSaurid2t,0e 0 L,a nhaMma,r yl2a0n7d0 6 www .romatnlileeifltd.com P.OB.o x3 17, oOrx0dfX2 9RUU,n itKeidn gdom Copyri©g 2h0t0 b3y R owma&n L ittlPeufbileilsdIh necr.s , Alrglih rtess eNrvoep dar.otf t hpiusb licmaatybi eor ne prodsutcoeriden,adr etrisevyaslte m, ort ramnisttienad n fyor mo rb ya nmye anesl,e cntirmcoe,c hanpihcoatlo,c orpeycionrgd,i ng, or othewriwtihstoehup,etr ipoerr misosfi otpnhu eb lisher. BritLiisbhr Caartya loigunPi unbgl icIanotfrimoant Aivaoinl able LibraoryfC ongresCsa tal-oiginn-gPubDlaitcaat ion DuarPar,a senjit. Soveirgenatnyda uthen:tM iacnicthyukuo EaansAdts itMahoned erIn PrasieDtnu jara. p. cm. ISBN 0-7425-2577-5 I.N ationalisAms-iEa2a..sI tm perialiAssmi-aE3.a.M s atn churia (China)-Paonldgi oetvrincmse n4t.M. a nchuria (Chinas)t-oHtiy9-3111-495.I .T itle. JOll. 083 2003 320.54/c02915 � 20201571 15 Prinitnte hdUe n itSetda otefAs m erica @ ™ Thep apuesre idnt hpiusb licmaeteitosnm itnhiem ruemq uireomfAe mnetrsi can NatioSntaaln dfaorrI dno frmatSicoine nces-PeorfmP aanpefeornrPc rei nLtiebdr ary MaterAiNaSlIsI,N IZS3O9 .149982-. To JuliaenttNdei shlaam,pi snm y l ife Contents Acknowledgments ix A Notteo t hRee ader X1l1 Introduction ParIt:C omparatanidv Hei stoPreircsaple ctives 7 Chapt1e r ImperiaalnidNs amt ionailnti hsTemw entiCeetnht ury 9 Chapt2e r ManchukAu oH:i storOivcearlv iew 41 ParItI:C ivilizatioannd S overeignty 87 Chapt3e r Asianainsdmt hNee wD iscouorfCs iev ilization 89 Chapt4e r EmbodyiCnigv ilizaWtoimoenna: n dt hFei guorfe TraditwiiotnhM iond ernity 131 ParItII Th:e AuthentoifSc piatcye s 171 Chapt5e r ImperNiaatli onaalnidts hmFe r ontier 179 Chapt6e r LocaWlor ldTsh:eP oetaincdsP olitofit chsNe a tiPvlea ce 209 Conclusion 245 GlossoafCr hy ineTseer ms 257 GlossoafJr ayp anTeesrem s 265 Bibliography 269 Index 293 Aboutth Aeu thor 306 vii Acknowledgments Givetnh uen justoibfisecdu orfiMtayn chukIuo ou,g hptr opetrobl eyg ibnye xpress­ ingg ratittuotd heec elebrIattaeldfii lamnm akBeerr narBdeor tolfuorch caiv ing madeT hLeas Etmp eroIrl e.a rntoer da piddilsyp tehlve a calnoto tkhsa gtr eemtye d introduocftM iaonnc hukausto h es ubjoefcm ty r eseabrycm he ntiontihnfiegl m, ands ucfhac toiadsfs as ciIstta alnydt heV atichaanv ibnege anm ontgh et hirteen stattoer se cogtnhiJeza ep anpeuspep setta Tthee.e xpeorntM sa nchuo-k-ouro ft he aretah aitsu niverrseaclolgyn izeads C thoidnaany'o sr theasto-fhc aovuerb seee n muchm ordei recatnldsy u bstanhteilaplffulorlym yp rojeIca tp.o logiinaz dev ance fort hei nescapfaorbmlayal l phabeltiisctaoilfnn ga metsh aste emtso b ei nt he natuorfae c knowledgTmheewn otsro.kf M arkE lliSoutk,- jHuanngR, a nMai tter, andY asutoAmyiu muh ass haptehdpe r ojiencs ti gnifiwcaaynsat,n dt hediert ailed commenotnst hem anuscrhiapvtbe e einn valuOatbhleerw.sh or eaadn dc om­ menteodn t hefi namla nuscrairpDeti pesChh akrabJaorhtFnyi ,t zgeTrakaalsdh,i FujitSahneil,d Goanr oHna,i yaLne eD,a viSdt raJnudn,g -mSienoa ,n dW en-hsin YehM.y warmetshta ngkost ot hefmor t akitnigm oeu to ft hebiurs syc hedutloe s reaadb ouats ubjdeicstt faornmt t heoiwrn r eseairncthe rEelsitzsa.bP eetrhtt yh,e editooftr hes eriienws h icthh ibso oka ppeaarnsdS, u saMnc Eacheerdni,t aotr Rowma&n Littlesfiheelpdh,e rtdheebd o oikn i tfisn aslt agIea sm.g ratetfuoLl i z forh ere nthusiasm,e ycear,ni djt uidciacli doiurse ctainodtn o,S usafnor g oing beyontdh deu toyf a nye ditmourc,hl esabs u seyx ecuetdiivteo r. Moret hatne yne ahrasv pea ssbeedt wetehnce o ncepatnidop nr oducotfit ohne booka,n dm anyi nstitauntdip oenosph laev hee lpietad l ontghw ea yA.m ongl ibrar­ ieasn da rchiIvw eiss,th o t hantkh ed irecatnodrs st aoffft heL ibraotfCy o ngress inW ashingDt.oCn.,a, n dt heE asAts iaLni braattty h eU niverosfiC thyi caIg o. acknowlmeydg grea tittout dhese t aoffft hmeu nicilpiablr airnCi heasn gchDuanl,­ iana,n dS hanghtahile; i broaftN yo rtheNaosrtm aUln iverisniC thya ngchtuhne; archiovfeJsi alnidLn i aoning praonvdti hnNecu emsb;eT rw oN atioAnraclh iivne s Nanjifnorgg ivimnegs ucfher ea ccetsots h eaibru ndarnets ourIac mea sl.sg or ateful tot hset aoffft hTeo yBou nkaon dt hTeo yBou nkKae nkyujoT okyion, a ndt ot he IX