Leung Wai Ching, Regina Physiotherapist I Kwong Wah Hospital What can you see? Role of pelvic floor muscle Maintenance of Continence Support of pelvic organs What is pelvic floor dysfunction? Urinary incontinence Voiding abnormality Pelvic organ prolapse Urinary incontinence/voiding dysfunction How to diagnose? coughing Normal uroflow Hypocontractile bladder Overactive bladder + genuine stress incontinence Leak on ↑ Pdet + leak cough Real time ultrasound  Direct visualisation of the PFM contraction (Thompson 2005)  Biofeedback method to teach the correct technique of performing PFM exercises (McKiernan 2010)  ‘lifting’contraction: quantify the amount of movement of the bladder base during PFM contraction (Thompson 2007)  Co-activation of the abdominal muscles during PFM contraction exists in continent and stress incontinent women (Arab & Chehrehrazi 2011) Real time ultrasound