StudiinCe osm parRaetliivgei on FredeMr.i ckD enEndyi,t or ThHeo Bloyo ikCn o mptairPvaeer spective EdibtyeF rde derDiecnkan nyRMd o. d nLeT.ya ylor DrS.t rangOentg hSoeyd m:b Moelaincoi Nfnu gc lWeeaarp ons ByIa rC hernus NatAimveer icanA cRteiAlPo iengr:if oourAsmp apnrcoteaoR c ehl igion ByS amG ill HumaRni gahnttdsh Ceo nfloiCfcu tl tures: WestaenrnId s lamic PoenRr eslipgeUicboteuirsvty e s ByD avLiidt JtolhKene, l saanAydb, d ulA.aS zaiczh edina ThMeu nshoiEfdg iynp t:Wo rTalhnded i rST ohnegi r ByE arHl.We a ugh TheB uddhRiesvti ivnSa rli Lanka: ReluisgT airdoint,Ri eoinetteanrt piro anRdes poen s ByG eor0,gB eo nd Univeorfs ity SouCtahro liPnrae ss Copyri©g Uhnti verosfSi otuytC ha rol1i9n8a8 PublisihenCd o lumbSioau,tC ha rolbiynt ah,e UniverosfSi otuytC ha rolPirneas s FirEsdti tion Manufacitnut rheUedn itSetda toefAs m erica LIBRARYC OONFG RESS LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-inD-aPtuab lication BondG,e orDgoeh er1t9y4,2 - TheB uddhriesvti ivnSa rlLi a nkrae:l igtiroaudsi tion, reinterpraentdra etsipooInnb ,sy Ge e orDg.eB ond-.1 ste d. p. em.- (Studiince osm pararteilvieg ion) Bibliogpr.a phy: Incluidnedse x, ISB0N- 87249-557-4 1.B uddhismL-aSnrkia -Historcye-n2t0utrIhyT. .i tle. IIS.e riSetsu:d iinec so mpararteilvie(g Cioolnu mSb.iCa.,) BQ3766.61B988 294.3'095491'93-<l c 88-14788 CIP CONtENTS EditPorre'fsa ce vi Acknogwmletensd viii Abbreviations ix Introduction 3 ChapOtneer: ThTeh eraTvraaddaai nttdih oBena ckgrooftu hned BudidsRhte vival 11 ChapTtweor: ThEea rRleyv ivParlo taenBsdut dadnhti sm 45 ChapTtherre eT:h Beu ddJhaay aannttdhi Pe o st-JPaeyrainotdi 7 5 ChapFtoeurr :T hIesn igMhetd it(aVtiipoanBs hsaavnMaaon vael- ment 130 ChapFtievre :I dniviLdauMyae ld itaUtniotaryns Dd:i veirsni ty thPer acotfVi icpea ssanii 177 ChapStiexr: LaByu dsdtMh eiditSaotciioent ies 208 ChapSteevre nT:h eR enitertpirooenftt ahOeh ammfaoS ro cial ActiTohSnea: r voSdharyaam aMdoavneam ent 241 Conclusion 299 Bibliography 306 Index 316 v Edirt'Posr eface Theries a sensien w hicht hisse rioefsb ookpsr ovidietsrs e aders witho pportunittoci oesm parsec holaarplpyr oachteods i fferreenlti ­ gioutsr aditioannsd,t hiisso neaim oft hep rojeTchte.r ies a nother sensienw hicuhn ity vaanrdi ewtiyt hisni ngle traadriedt iisocnesr ned anda nalyzFeid.n altlhye,r et hiems a joari mo ft hes erietosp :r oviad e globailn,t egraatpipvreo acthot hes tudoyf r eligiaonndsr eligious dimensioonfhs u mane xperietnhcreo ugah s cholarsthhiapmt a kes sensree gardloefst sh es pecitrfaidci tiobne ing examiannedtd h,u s becomeasc cessitbotl heo ughtful rferaodmae w risd ev arieotfiy n ter­ estasn db ackgrounBdusts. u chs cholarsahlisrpoe quirveesr syp ecific kindosf m asteroyf t her eligisoyumsb oaln da ctions ytse rn being examineidt:ts e xtasn dc ontexittsds,o ctrinpersa,c ticeasn,dc om­ munitfyo rms. GeorgBeo nd'Tsh Beu ddRheivsitiv nSa rlLai n kaR:e ligTiroatudisio n, IntertpiaronenRtd ea spoanmpslefy,u lfailltllh sea ims liasbtoevde --and thens ome.O n onel evetlh,i sst udcya nb er eada sa n epitomoef receWnets terns cholarsohnTi hpe ravaBduad dhisems,p eciailnSl ryi Lankaa,c ounttrhya hta sb otphr oducaendd a ttracttheehd i ghecsatl ­ ibeorf s cholawrhse,t heinr h umanisotircs ocial scisetnutdiiofefis c BuddhismO.n anothleerv eTlh, e BuRdedvhiipvesartml i tthse r eader top lacteh eS rLia nkadne velopmeinntt sh icse ntuwriyt hitnh ee ntire histoorfBy u ddhispma,r tbleyc autshea its lannadt ioann dt hea ncient traditairoean l moscto terminoIunsd.e edt,h eP allia nguatgeex tosf TheravaidnaS riL ankac anb et racebda ckt ot heB uddhisomf t he earlcye nturiines so utheArsni aT.h em osti mportalnetv ealtw hich thibso okw ilble a ppreciaitsie ndi tasr restcionmgp arisboentsw een colonialist modoefre ndiuzciantgia onnd C hristimains sioniziinn g religainodn their unpalnadnu nnfeodr esreeesnu litnis n spirainndg empowerian nge wS rLia nkaBnu ddhist ienlo inteoe f t hem ostf ar­ reaching reifnBo urdmdsh ihsits toIrryo.n icaylelty ,p erhaps inevita­ blyt,h eP rotestRaenfto rmatiionnE uropper ovidetdh,r ougihtE sn g­ lish-speamkiisnsgi onalreyg ateseesv,e rkaely e lemenotfst heS ri Lankarne vivaanle :m phasoinss criptaunrder elated literacy; individ- vi vii EditPorre'fsa ce uald ecisiomna kinign s piritaunadle thicmaalt teras l;a yf ocutsh at translated Lu"tphreire'sst hoofoa dl ble lieveirnst"ao s ophisticated and widelayp pealilnagy m editatiomno vementt:h eV ipassanii Bhaviianndiia ; " this-woralsdcleyt icitshma"mt i nimizheise rarchy, preachuensi versalainsdmc ,u ltivatseosc iaaclti ona sm eritorious activtihtaytt a kelsi terBauldldyh a'fisn ala dmonishmetnot:" Work outy ouro wns alvatwiiotndh iligenwciet,ht" h et acuintd erstanding thapte rsonsaall vatiiosnn ota matteorf c lassieclailti,as rt hantship, onlyb,u t aanl truisvtoicca tisouni tetdoa nu rbalna itthya hta st he freedoamn dl earning tot ake chaorftg hee ilri ves. Modem Buddhirsetf orimnS rLia nkai sb yn om eansu nifornmo r unilinienai rtd se velopmeanstt ,h ea uthodre monstraitnhe iss w ide­ ranginyge,tf ocusesdu rvewyh ichc ontaianmso,n go thevra luable elementtsh,em oste xtensitrveea tmenotft heV ipasmseadnitiia tion movemenctu rrenatvlayi laIbtli esn. o wa lmosttr ittoes peaokf b ring­ ingt ogethbeort ht he" texatn dc ontexotf"a traditifoonrb alanced scholarsYheitpi .ti ss tiallltl o ou nusuatlor eada soliedx amploef fieldworbka sesdc holarsohniT ph eravaBduad diswmh ose autihso r alsao s easonsepde cialiinst th eP altir aditainodnt heh istoorfyr eli­ gionsTh.e B uddRheivsitiv nSa rlLai n kai st huasn e xamploeft hen ew, integrastcihvoel arsthhiatpth isse riiesds e signteodp ublisbho,t fh or itisn trinsic inantdev raelsutae n df ori tasn ticipated oinmc poamc­t parativset udiienrs e liggieonne rally. FrederMiactkh ewsoDne nny SerEideist or Acknowmletensd g A wordo ft hankissi no rdetro t hosien S rLia nkaw hoh elpemde i n my fierleds earIcc ha.r rieodu tr esearicnSh r Lia nkfao rt hibso okd ur­ ingt hrepee riofdrso m1 98t3hr oug1h9 8M5a.ny p eoplgea veg ener­ ousloyft heitirm ea ndk nowledtgoeh elmpe understatnhder evivoafl theB uddhitsrta ditAimoonn.g t hemI s houltdh anpka rticultahrel y Sangwhhoa g rantmeed interviaenwdsh ospitalaintdMy r,. D .C .P . Ratnakawrhao,s harehdi swi sdowm itmhe anda llowmeed top artici­ patien h iSsa ddhamFar ienSdosc ieIts yh.o ultdh anakl stoh eh undreds ofB uddhimsetd itatwohros s haretdh eierx perienacnedbs e liewfist h me.I i ntervieowveedro neh undreadn dfi ftmye ditators, and have beena blteo i ncluodnel ayf ewo ft heisrto riiens chapftoeurtrsh rough sixb,u tI l earnefdr omt hemm uchm oret hanI c anc onveiyn t hose chapteIrl se:arn eda boutth ee ffectivaenndep sesa coef v ipansiiIs.c aa n­ nott hantkh espee oplpee rsonahlelryae s I w ouldl ikaen ds tiplrle serve theiarn onymitbyu,tI a m vergyr atenfounle theless. lamp articulagrrlayte afluslto o D r.A .T .A riyarattnheef, o under of Sarvodafyoar,a lhli sa ssistainnsc teu dyihnigsm ovementT.h el ead­ erso ft hel ayB uddhissotc ietiesA-ltlCh eey loBnu ddhiCsotn gress, theW orldF ellowsohfiB pu ddhisatnsd,t heY oungM en'sB uddhist Association-incDlru.Ad riinyga paMlra.,A lberEtd irisinagnhde , Mr.L .P iyasenaal,sg oe nerouasnldyp atienttollye ramtye qdu estions anda llowmeed t op articipiantt eh eiarct iviatnidue sse t heiarr chives. Thea ssistaonfca e F ulbright-gHraaynstt ,h eU niteSdt ateEsd uca­ tionaFlo undatiionn S riL anka,a nd itsd irectMorr., Bogoda Premaratanles,fo a cilittahtere eds earfcohrt hisst udyI.s houladl so likteot hanDkr .K .J .Pe reraan dD r.K ingsldeeyS ilvfao rt heiars sis­ tancaen dP rofessRoircsh aGrodm bricahn dG ananath Obeyesekere, who sharewdi thm e someo ft heiird eaosn ther einterpreotfa tion Buddhismo,n w hicht opitch eyt ooh aveb eend oinrge searfcohra book. viii Abebvriioatns Referencteot sh eB uddhiscatn onicaanldc ommentarwirailt ings havein mosti nstancbeese,np laceidnp arentheins etsh et exrta ther thainn thef ootnotTehsea. b breviateimopnlso yeidnt hesree ferences arep,r imaritlhyes, t andaarbdb reviatfioorPn asl wio rksa sg iveinn theP alTie xtS ocietPy'asl i-EDnigcoltniiasryThh. e m ostf requently useda bbreviatairoeln iss tbeedl ow: A. Anguttara-Nikaya AA. Anguttara-Nikaya(nMhaankoartahtah apura¢) D. DIgha-Nikaya DA. Digha-Nitkhaaykaat(thSau ma"galavilasini) DAT. Digha-atthTaikaka tha- Dh.A.D hammapada-anhakatha Dhs. Dh�II1P..l.asa:J;lgani Dhs.AD.h ammasa"gani-At(tAhtatkhaatshaal ini) Dpv. Dipavaqtsa JA. Jatakanhakatha Kh. Khuddakapatha KhA. Khuddakapiitha-a(!P!ahraakmaatothttaih Ika)aj Kv. Kankhavitara�I KVll.K athavatthu . M. Majjhima-Nikaya MA. Majjhima-Nikaya(tPtahpaakfiaetahsau dani) Mhv. Mahava:rp.sa N. Netti-Pakarar:ta P. Petakopadesa Pu. PuggaPlaafi-fiatti S. SaIp-yutta-Nikaya SA. Saf!ltay-uNtikaya-at(tShaarkaattthhaa -ppakasini) Smp. Samantapas(aVdiinkaaayt at hakatha) Sn. Suttanipata Sn.A.S uttanipata-a(tPtahraakmaatthtah IaIj)o tika V. VinayPai taka Vbh. Vibha"ga Vism.V isuddhimagga ix ThBeu ddRheivsitiv nSa rLlia nka