This text is the result of a seven-year (1986-1992) national research programme in cognitive science in Germany. Anchored in psychology and therefore christened Wissenpsychologie (psychology of knowledge), it has found interdisciplinary resonance, especially in artificial intelligence and education. The research programme brought together cognitive scientists from over 20 German universities, and more than 30 single projects were funded. The programme was initiated by Heinz Mandl and Hans Spada. Its main goals were to investigate the acquisition of knowledge, the access to knowledge and the modification and application of knowledge from a psychological perspective. Emphasis was placed on formalisms of knowledge representation and on the process involved. In many of the projects this was combined with computer simulations. A final but equally important goal was the development of experimental paradigms and methods for data analysis that are especially suited to investigate knowledge based processes. The research programme has had a major impact on cognitive psychology in Germany. Research groups were established at many universities and research equipment was provided.  It also inspired a considerable number of young scientists to carry out cognitive research, employ modelling techniques from artificial intelligence for psychological theorizing and construct intelligent tutoring systems for education. Close contacts with cognitive scientists in the US have helped to firmly integrate the programme with international research endeavours. Each year, one or two workshops were held. The present volume is the result of the final workshop which was held in September 1992. Selected results from 17 projects are presented in this book. The volume is enriched by three guest scholars who agreed to participate in the final workshop and to comment on the chapters of the book.

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