93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page i S I X T H E D I T I O N The Essential College Experience with Readings JOHN N. GARDNER Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Library and Information Science Senior Fellow, National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition University of South Carolina, Columbia Executive Director, Policy Center on The First Year of College, Brevard, North Carolina A. JEROME JEWLER Distinguished Professor Emeritus, College of Journalism and Mass Communications University of South Carolina, Columbia Australia • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain United Kingdom • United States 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page ii The Essential College Experience with Readings, Sixth Edition John N. Gardner, A. 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Mexico Spain (including Portugal) Thomson Paraninfo Calle Magallanes, 25 28015 Madrid, Spain 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page iii Brief Contents and Readings 1 College Makes the Difference 1 How to Avoid First-Year Pitfalls. You can sidestep some of the most common problems new college students face. Mark Rowh 11 Finding Your Niche. Learn how to feel comfortable in your new home away from home——college. Joan Axelrod-Contrada 15 2 Time Management 19 How to Manage Your Time. Andrea Matetic 32 When Mom Goes Back to School. Middle-aged students are going to college in record numbers, and inspiring younger classmates, including their own kids, to hit the books harder than ever. Jennifer Wagner 35 3 Learning Styles and Personality 39 Accommodating Students’ Learning Styles. Professors want their lessons to stimulate all of their students’ senses. Here are some of the latest innovations that turn an ordinary classroom into a multimedia event. Amy Milshtein 48 Texas Tech U.: Students Should Adapt Study Habits to Learning Styles. Lauren Clonts 50 4 Active Learning 53 Ten Strategies for Getting Students to Take Responsibility for Their Learning. Sara Jane Coffman 63 Class Participation: Report from Beijing. Peter Phillips Simpson 67 iii 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page iv iv Brief Contents and Readings 5 Critical Thinking 71 Rethinking Thinking.College classes that make one think. Mark Clayton 77 Judging Authority.We are often required to accept the word of another person, but how can we best judge whether or not that person is a legitimate authority? Jere H. Lipps 82 6 Listening, Note-Taking, and Participating 89 Why Do I Have to Take This Class? A lesson in making the required course relevant. Chad M. Hanson 101 Making the Grade. Ace your college classes with this advice on choosing courses, selecting a major, writing papers, and dealing with professors. Tracey Randinelli 102 7 Reading to Remember 111 New Words, 7 Drops at a Time. Vocabulary boosts can energize writing—— or overload it. Arthur Plotnik 118 How to Study. Leyla Sanai 122 8 Taking Tests 127 How to Ace College. A Harvard professor reveals secrets from his 10-year study of successful students. Alisha Davis 139 How to Be a Great Test Taker. Three simple words can help you replace test anxiety with test confidence: prepare, prepare, prepare. Mark Rowh 141 9 Writing and Speaking for Success 147 Ten Tips for Better Business Writing. Edwin Powell 157 Delivering the Goods. Memorable presentation starts with organizing your thoughts in writing. Phil Venditti 160 10 Research and College Libraries 165 Drawn to Knowledge. Kevin Havens 176 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page v Brief Contents and Readings v Deserted No More. After years of declining usage statistics, the campus library rebounds. Andrew Richard Albanese 179 11 Careers and Service Learning 187 The University of Social Justice. Beyond community service, colleges educate for social change. Melissa Snarr 196 Combating College-Grad Stress Syndrome. Despite the dismal job outlook ... these tips could make the search less daunting. Susannah Chen 199 12 Relationships 203 College Women Say College Men Don’t Ask for Dates. 211 A College Student’s First Lesson Often Is How to Live with a Stranger. Patrice Relerford 213 13 Appreciating Our Differences 217 Don’t Forget the Women. African-American female college students. M. Rick Turner 225 Students Reveal the Reality of College Diversity. James M. O’Neill 227 14 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Sex 233 Diversity of Students Lowers College Binge Drinking Rates. 246 Survey Finds High Number of College Students Using Tobacco Products. 248 15 Staying Healthy 253 Surviving the Everyday Stuff.The coauthor of The Ultimate College Survival Guide tells you how to cope with weight gain, illness, and dirty laundry when you’re living on your own. Janet Farrar Worthington 261 The Dark Side of College Life: Academic Pressure, Depression, Suicide. Daniela Lamas 266 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page vi 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page vii Contents Preface xvii 1 College Makes the Difference 1 Strategies for Success 2 Get Ready: The Basics 2 Get Set: Study, Study, Study 3 Go: The Extra Mile 3 First-Year Commitment: Hangin’ In 4 High School vs. College 5 Returning Students 6 Those Who Start, Those Who Finish 6 College Education and Quality of Life 7 Where to Go for Help 8 Setting Goals for Success 9 Your Personal Journal 10 Readings 11 How to Avoid First-Year Pitfalls. You can sidestep some of the most common problems new college students face. Mark Rowh 11 Finding Your Niche. Learn how to feel comfortable in your new home away from home——college. Joan Axelrod-Contrada 15 Discussion 18 2 Time Management 19 Setting Goals and Objectives 20 Beating Procrastination 21 Setting Priorities 23 Use a Daily Planner 23 Maintain a “To Do” List 26 Guidelines for Scheduling Week by Week 26 Organizing Your Day 27 vii 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page viii viii Contents Making Your Time Management Plan Work 29 Don’t Overextend Yourself 29 Reduce Distractions 30 Time and Critical Thinking 31 Your Personal Journal 31 Readings 32 How to Manage Your Time. Andrea Matetic 32 When Mom Goes Back to School. Middle-aged students are going to college in record numbers, and inspiring younger classmates, including their own kids, to hit the books harder than ever. Jennifer Wagner 35 Discussion 38 3 Learning Styles and Personality 39 Learning about Your Personality and Psychological Type 40 Psychological Preferences 40 Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I): The Outer or Inner World 40 Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N): Facts or Ideas 41 Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F): Logic or Values 42 Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P): Organization or Adaptability 42 Using Your Personality for Better Learning 43 Your Instructors’ Teaching Styles 44 Helpful Hints for Each Type 44 Tips for Extraverts 45 Tips for Introverts 45 Tips for Sensing Types 45 Tips for Intuitive Types 46 Tips for Thinking Types 46 Tips for Feeling Types 46 Tips for Judging Types 47 Tips for Perceiving Types 47 Your Personal Journal 47 Readings 48 Accommodating Students’ Learning Styles. Professors want their lessons to stimulate all of their students’ senses. Here are some of the latest innovations that turn an ordinary classroom into a multimedia event. Amy Milshtein 48 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page ix Contents ix Texas Tech U.: Students Should Adapt Study Habits to Learning Styles. Lauren Clonts 50 Discussion 52 4 Active Learning 53 The Many Benefits of Active Learning 53 Why Active Learners Can Learn More Than Passive Learners 54 Becoming an Active Learner 55 Teachers Who Embrace Active Learning Love to Teach 56 Making the Most of the Student-Instructor Relationship 58 Teachers, Students, and Academic Freedom 58 If Things Go Wrong between You and a Teacher 59 Collaborative Learning Teams 60 Making Learning Teams Productive 60 The Many Uses of Learning Teams 61 Your Personal Journal 62 Readings 63 Ten Strategies for Getting Students to Take Responsibility for Their Learning. Sara Jane Coffman 63 Class Participation: Report from Beijing. Peter Phillips Simpson 67 Discussion 69 5 Critical Thinking 71 From Certainty to Healthy Uncertainty 72 A Skill to Carry You through Life 72 Walking through the Process 73 Four Aspects of Critical Thinking 74 Step 1. Abstract Thinking: Using Details to Discover Some Bigger Idea 74 Step 2. Creative Thinking: Seeking Connections, Finding New Possibilities, Rejecting Nothing 74 Step 3. Systematic Thinking: Organizing the Possibilities, Tossing Out the Rubbish 75 Step 4. Precise Communication: Being Prepared to Present Your Ideas Convincingly to Others 75 How College Encourages Critical Thinking 75 Your Personal Journal 77 93976_00_fm_pi-xx.qxd 4/8/05 12:03 PM Page x x Contents Readings 77 Rethinking Thinking. College classes that make one think. Mark Clayton 77 Judging Authority. We are often required to accept the word of another person, but how can we best judge whether or not that person is a legitimate authority? Jere H. Lipps 82 Discussion 87 6 Listening, Note Taking, and Participating 89 Short-Term Memory: Listening and Forgetting 90 Using Your Senses in the Learning Process 90 Before Class: Prepare to Remember 92 During Class: Listen Critically 93 During Class: Use The Cornell Format to Take Effective Notes 94 Taking Notes in Nonlecture Courses 95 Class Notes and Homework 97 Computer Notes in Class? 98 After Class: Respond, Recite, Review 98 Participating in Class: Speak Up! 99 Your Personal Journal 100 Readings 101 Why Do I Have to Take This Class? A lesson in making the required course relevant. Chad M. Hanson 101 Making the Grade. Ace your college classes with this advice on choosing courses, selecting a major, writing papers, and dealing with professors. Tracey Randinelli 102 Discussion 110 7 Reading to Remember 111 Previewing 111 Mapping 111 Alternatives to Mapping 112 Reading Your Textbook 113 Marking Your Textbook 113 Monitor Your Comprehension 116 Recycle Your Reading 116 Reviewing 117