In the latter half of the twentieth century, a revolutionary idea promised to upend the global order. Anti-imperialist militancy, bolstered by international solidarity, would lead to not only the national liberation of oppressed peoples but universal emancipation, shattering the division between the prosperous nations of the capitalist West and the poorer countries of the Global South.The idea was Third Worldism, and among others it inspired struggles in Iran and Palestine. By the early 1980s, however, progressive visions of independence and freedom had fallen to the reality of an oppressive Islamic theocracy in Iran, while the Palestinian Revolution had been eclipsed by civil war in Lebanon, Israeli aggression and intra-Arab conflict.This thought-provoking volume explores the dramatic decline of Third Worldism in the Middle East. It reveals the lived realities of the time by focusing on the key protagonists – from student activists to guerrilla fighters, and from volunteer nurses to militant intellectuals – and juxtaposes the Iranian and Palestinian cases to offer a riveting re-examination of this defining era. Ultimately, it challenges us to reassess how we view the end of the long 1960s, prompting us to reconsider perennial questions concerning self-determination, emancipation, change and solidarity.Contents The Transformation of Third Worldism in the Middle EastSune Haugbolle and Rasmus Elling1 Demystifying Third World Cuba and the Palestinian Revolution in the SeventiesSorcha Thomson2 Nursing the Norwegian Medical Support in Lebanon as Solidarity, 1976-1983Pelle Valentin Olsen3 Searching for Friends Across the Global Classified Documents, Iran, and the Export of the Revolution in 1983Simon Wolfgang Fuchs4 The Gendered Politics of Dead Obituaries, Revolutionaries, and Martyrs between the Iranian, Palestinian, and Dhufar RevolutionsMarral Shamshiri5 Brothers, Comrades, and the Quest for the Islamist The First Gathering of Liberation Movements in Revolutionary IranMohammad Ataie6 Abu Jubran and Jabal ?Amil Between the Palestinian and Iranian RevolutionsNathaniel George7 The Islamic Republic Party and the Palestinian Cause, 1979-80: A Discursive Transformation of the Third Worldist AgendaMaryam Alemzadeh8 Translation, Revolutionary Praxis, and the Enigma of Manuchehr HezarkhaniNasser Mohajer and Eskandar Sadeghi-Boroujerdi9 The Front of our Shu’un Falastiniyya as an Archive of Palestinian Third WorldismKlaudia Wieser10 Fragile The Iranian Left and the Kurdish National Question in the 1979 RevolutionRasmus C. Elling and Jahangir Mahmoudi11 The ‘Ends’ of the Palestinian Revolution in the Fakhani RepublicSune Haugbolle Towards a Praxis-Centred Historiography of Middle East Third WorldismToufoul Abou-Hodeib and Naghmeh Sohrabi

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