THE HISTORIAN’S CRAFT IN THE AGE OF HERODOTUS This page intentionally left blank The Historian’s Craft in the Age of Herodotus (cid:1) Editedby NINO LURAGHI (cid:1) (cid:1) GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota‹ BuenosAires CapeTown Chennai DaresSalaam Delhi Florence HongKong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sa~oPaulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw andassociatedcompaniesinBerlin Ibadan OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork ãTheseveralcontributors2001 Firstpublished2001 Firstpublishedinpaperback2007 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Dataavailable ISBN978–0–19–924050–7(Hbk.) 978–0–19–921511–9(Pbk.) TypesetbyJohnWas‹,Oxford PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby BiddlesLtd.,GuildfordandKing’sLynn Acknowledgements  of the essays that comprise this book derive from papers presentedattheworkshop‘TheDawnofHistoriography’,heldin Turin at the beginningof September 1997,an event enormously facilitatedbytheorganizationalskillsofSusanneEbbinghaus(Ox- ford). The workshop itself was made possible by generous finan- cialsupportfromtheCommitteeforHistorical,Philosophical,and PhilologicalSciencesoftheConsiglioNazionaledelleRicercheand by the Regione Piemonte. Both institutions, and in particular Dr GiampieroLeo,headoftheDepartmentofCultureoftheRegione Piemonte,deservemywarmest gratitude.Thefundingalsofacili- tatedacomplexprocessofediting,whoselaststagewassupported by the Loeb Fund of the Department of the Classics of Harvard University. Oswyn Murray’s essay‘Herodotus andOral History’ is repub- lished by courtesy of the Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten. Althoughmostauthorshavetriedtokeeptheircontributionsup to date, the reader should bear in mind that the volume was first submittedtothepublisherforconsiderationinSeptember1998. InpreparingthisbookforprintIhaveincurredaseriesofdebts. RosemaryFleck(Rome),MatthiasHaake(Freiburg),JudsonHerr- man (Harvard), and Philomene Probert and Jason Zerdin (both Oxford)helpedmeindi·erentwaysandatdi·erentstages.Ihope they will be as pleased as I am at seeing the fruit of our e·orts assumingits final shape. The Seminar fu•r Alte Geschichteof the Albert-Ludwigs-Universita•tFreiburghasbeenmybaseofopera- tion, and my colleagues there have been helpful in various ways, evenintheperiodsinceI leftGermanyfortheUnitedStates. On a di·erent level, the lively academic environmentof Freiburghas enormouslyinfluencedtheelaborationoftheconceptualframework oftheworkshop. SincethetimewhenIfirstdiscussedwithhimthepossibilityof organizingtheworkshop,inOxfordinMarch1996,OswynMurray vi Acknowledgements has been a constant source of inspiration and advice. This whole volumeisinawayatributetohisscholarship. N.L. Cambridge,Mass.,November2000 Five years after the original publication, the decision of Oxford University Press to reissue this book in paperback has o·ered a welcome chance to correct a few typos and an occasion to think back to the project from which the book emerged. It is for the readertojudgewhetherornottheintentionofo·eringareasonably cohesivetreatmentofaconsistentsetofissues,centringespecially ontherelationshipofearlyGreekhistoriographytoorality,literacy, andoraltradition,hasbeensuccessfullyfulfilled.Oneofthegoals pursued in the book was to bring together scholars who would notnormallyallwriteinthesamelanguage,letalonepublishtheir worksinthesamebook.Inthissenseatleast,thebookhasachieved itspurpose,andtheavailabilityofapaperbackeditionwillfurther enhancethisachievement.Otherwise,thesuccessofthis,asofany otherworkofscholarship,willbemeasuredbytheextenttowhich other scholars, or the authors themselves, will argue with, build upon,orsurpasstheideasandthoughtsoftheauthors. N.L. FreiburgimBreisgau,October2006 Contents Abbreviations ix 1. Introduction 1   2. HerodotusandOralHistory 16   3. AncestorsofHistoriographyinEarlyGreekElegiacand IambicPoetry? 45  .  4. Hecataeus:FromGenealogytoHistoriography 67   5. EarlyHistorie» andLiteracy 95  .  6. Constructing the Past: Colonial Traditions and the WritingofHistory.TheCaseofCyrene 116   7. LocalKnowledgeinHerodotus’Histories 138   8. Kissing Cousins: Some Curious Cases of Adjacent MaterialinHerodotus 161   9. TheHerodoteanPictureofThemistocles:AMirrorof Fifth-centuryAthens 179  • 10. Herodotus’HistoriesandtheFloatingGap 198   11. Herodotus’ Egyptand the Foundations of Universal History 211   viii Contents 12. TheBeginningsofChronography:Hellanicus’Hiereiai 241  • 13. Thucydides’ Archaeology: Between Epic and Oral Traditions 263   14. Myth,History,andCollectiveIdentity:UsesofthePast inAncientGreeceandBeyond 286 -  15. HerodotusandOralHistoryReconsidered 314   NotesonContributors 326 IndexLocorum 329 GeneralIndex 337 Abbreviations A@A AntikeundAbendland A@R AteneeRoma AA Archa•ologischerAnzeiger AFLP AnnalidellaFacolta› diLetteredell’Universita› diPerugia AION Annalidell’IstitutoOrientalediNapoli AIONarchstant Annali dell’Istituto Orientale di Napoli: Sezione di Ar- cheologiaeStoriaAntica AJA AmericanJournalofArchaeology AJPh AmericanJournalofPhilology AncSoc AncientSociety ANSMusN AmericanNumismaticSocietyMuseumNotes ASNP Annali della ScuolaNormale Superiore di Pisa—Classe diScienzeMorali ATL B.D. Meritt, H. T. Wade-Gery, and M.F. McGregor (eds.),TheAthenianTributeLists(Princeton,1939– ) BCH Bulletindecorrespondance helle‹nique CAH CambridgeAncientHistory CJ ClassicalJournal ClAnt ClassicalAntiquity CQ ClassicalQuarterly CR ClassicalReview CS Criticastorica DHA Dialoguesd’histoireancienne DK H.DielsandW.Kranz,DieFragmentederVorsokratiker, 8thedn.(Hamburg,1957) FGrHist F.Jacoby,DieFragmentedergriechischenHistoriker(Ber- lin,1923– ) GP B.GentiliandC.Prato,PoetarumElegiacorumTestimo- niaetFragmenta,2ndedn.(Leipzig,1988– ) GRBS Greek,RomanandByzantineStudies HSCPh HarvardStudiesinClassicalPhilology IG Inscriptiones Graecae Consilio et Auctoritate Academiae BorussicaeEditae IM IstanbulerMitteilungen IvM O.Kern(ed.),DieInschriftenvonMagnesiaamMa•ander (Berlin,1900) JHS JournalofHellenicStudies