RICHARD L. NOSTRAND University of Oklahoma Cartography by David J. Morris ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London Executive Editor: Susan McEachern Assistant Editor: Rebeccah Shumaker Senior Marketing Manager: Kim Lyons Interior Designer: Ilze Lemesis Cover images, clockwise from upper left: Mormon Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah © iStock.com/AndreyKrav; Kirtland Temple, Ohio, photograph by the author; Mission Mountain farmhouse © iStock.com/MSMcCarthy_Photography; morning in mountains © iStock.com/ekolara; San Miguel Chapel, Santa Fe, New Mexico © iStock.com/gnagel; rural Vermont © iStock.com/SeanPavonePhoto; Greek revival mansion © iStock.com/miker8863 Back cover, left to right: US Capitol, Washington, DC, photograph by the author; I-style house, Utah, photograph by the author; Lewis and Clark’s Fort Clatsop in old growth forest © iStock.com/LincolnRogers Credits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources, and reproduced with permission, appear on the appropriate page within the text. Published by Rowman & Littlefield A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB, United Kingdom Copyright © 2018 by Rowman & Littlefield All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN 978-1-5381-0396-8 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-5381-0397-5 (electronic) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America Dedication For John and Suzanne Little Susan, Nicholas, Milana, and Natalie Brief Contents 1  Overview Part I Colonial America 2  The Spanish Borderlands 3  New France 4  New England 5  The Middle Colonies