The Restoration of Gregorian Chant Dom Pierre Combe, O.S.B.    The Restoration of Gregorian Chant Solesmes and the Vatican Edition Translated by †Theodore N. Marier and William Skinner The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C. OriginallypublishedunderthetitleHistoiredelarestaurationduchant grégoriend’aprèsdesdocumentsinédites:Solesmesetl’EditionVatican, ©bytheAbbayeSaint-PierredeSolesmes. Copyright© TheCatholicUniversityofAmericaPress Allrightsreserved Publishedinpaperback LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Combe,Pierre. mm[Histoiredelarestaurationduchantgrégoriend’aprèsdesdocuments minédites.English] mmTherestorationofGregorianchant:SolesmesandtheVaticanedition/ mDomPierreCombe,O.S.B.,monkofSolesmes;translatedbyTheodoreN. mMarierandWilliamSkinner. mmmcm. mmTranslationof:Histoiredelarestaurationduchantgrégoriend’aprèsdes mdocumentsinédites. mmIncludesbibliographicalreferences(p.)andindex. mm----(cloth:alk.paper) mm----(paper:alk.paper) mm.Gregorianchants—Historyandcriticism. I.Title. mm. mm.´´—dc mm  CONTENTS Introduction/ xi Translators’ Note/ xxxiii THE RESTORATION OF GREGORIAN CHANT Foreword/  List of Plates/  ONE. THE GREGORIAN REFORM AT SOLESMES /  I.Dom Guéranger’s Rationale /  . New Documents /  . Dom Guéranger’s Principles /  Comparing the manuscripts/  The testimony of the staffless neume manuscripts/  Dom Guéranger reforms the chant at Solesmes./  . The Chant Books of the Old Solesmes /  . Dom Guéranger’s Hesitations /  . Dom Guéranger’s Authority /  II.Period of Preparation /  . Dom Paul Jausions /  . The Labors of Dom Jausions—The Wilton Processional /  . Gontier’s Méthode Raisonnée() /  . The Paris Congress () /  . The First Directorium Chori/  . Dom Jausions and Dom Joseph Pothier—The Reform of the Chant Books Decided at Solesmes /  . The First Transcripts of Manuscripts in Staffless Neumes /  vi CONTENTS . Problems in Restoring the Melodies () /  . Rhythmic Problems () /  . State of the Work in /  . Benedictiones Mensaeand Directorium Chori/  . The “Corrected Gradual” /  . Agreements and Disagreements /  . Researching the Manuscripts () /  . The “Manuscript” of Dom Jausions () /  . Dom Pothier’s “Memorandum” () /  . The Work Drafted by Dom Pothier () /  . Gregorian Travels () /  . Various Difficulties () /  . The First Version of the Mélodies Grégoriennes() /  . Dom Pothier’s Style /  . Preparation of the Antiphonal/  . The First Version of the Liber Gradualis() /  . L. Baptiste’s Méthode/  . A Letter from Dom Jausions /  . The Years –/  . The Mélodies Grégoriennesand the Liber Gradualisin /  III. The First Publications /  . Gregorian Chant and the Council () /  . The Lithographed Processional() /  . The Gregorian Apostolate /  . The First Gregorian Congress of Aiguebelle () /  . The Mélodies Grégoriennes() /  . The Arezzo Congress ()— The Papal Brief of April , /  . The Liber Gradualis()—Papal Briefs to Dom Pothier () /  . Various Publications /  Conclusion /  TWO. THE VATICAN EDITION A. Preliminaries of the Gregorian Reform under Leo XIII I. Dom André Mocquereau and the Paléographie Musicale/  . Dom Mocquereau at Solesmes () / oo . Initial Work /  CONTENTS vii . Catalogue of Manuscripts—Scriptores/  . Establishment of the Paléographie Musicale/  . The Project () /  . Journey for Subscriptions () /  . Opposition—The Vow to Our Lady of Chartres () /  . Dom Couturier and the Gregorian Movement /  . The Prospectus /  . A Trip to Switzerland () /  . The Manuscript Chosen for Publication /  . Episcopal Approvals /  . Volume I () /  . Publications by Dom Pothier /  . Dom Mocquereau in Rome () /  . Dom Mocquereau and Father de Santi /  . At the French Seminary /  . Pustet’s Visit /  . Discovery of the “Old Roman” Chant /  . Travel within Italy /  . The Influence of the French Seminary /  . The Gregorian Conversion of Father de Santi /  . Volume II—Trip to Belgium and Holland () /  . Congress of St. Gregory the Great () /  . Dom Pothier and Dom Mocquereau in Rome () /  . Results /  . Dom Mocquereau’s Assistants /  . Journey to Chartres () /  II. Father de Santi and Monsignor Carlo Respighi /  . New Orientation /  . The Report by Father de Santi () /  . Miscellaneous Efforts /  . The Gregorian Apostolate of Father de Santi— Volume III () /  . Father de Santi’s Method/  . The Work of Dom Pothier /  . The Votumof Cardinal Sarto () /  . The Exiling of Father de Santi () /  . Perosi at Solesmes () /  viii CONTENTS . The Decree of July /  . Volume IV (–) /  . The Gradualof /  . New Hopes (–) /  . The Gregorian Apostolate of Dom Mocquereau /  . Suppression of the Decree of April , () /  . Perosi’s Actions (–) /  . The Paléographie Musicalein /  . Msgr. Respighi vs. Msgr. Haberl (–) /  . Liberating Words () /  . The Memorandum Requested of Solesmes () /  . The Plan for an International Commission () /  . The Brief Nos Quidemto the Abbot of Solesmes () /  . First Draft of the Vatican Edition () /  . The Rhythmic Synthesis of Dom Mocquereau— Volume VII () /  . The Rassegna Gregoriana(–) /  . A Time for Waiting—Congress of Bruges () /  B. The Work of St. Pius X III.The New Legislation of Pius X/  . The Initial Thought of Pius X /  . Preparation of the Motu Proprioof November , /  . The New Solesmes Edition—A Request of Father de Santi /  . Publication of the Motu Proprio/  . Dom Pothier’s Project /  . Initial Decisions /  . An Invitation for Solesmes /  . Letter from Msgr. Bressan to Dom Delatte /  . The Project of the Abbot-Primate /  . Initial Difficulties /  . The Actions of Father de Santi /  . Final Discussions /  . The St. Gregory the Great Congress /  . Publication of the Motu ProprioDated April , /  . Brief of , Ex Quo Tempore, to Dom Delatte /  CONTENTS ix IV. The Meetings of the Commission Held in/  . The Initial Meetings of the Commission /  . The Publishers’ Concerns /  . The Congress of Arras—Summer School at Appuldurcombe /  . Meeting of the Vatican Commission at Appuldurcombe /  . Paleographical Wanderings in England and Italy /  V. The Meetings of the Commission Held in/  . Preparation of the Kyriale/  Dom Pothier’s Memorandum/  Dom Mocquereau’s Memorandum/  . Resumption of the Meetings in Rome /  . At the Heart of the Problem /  First Circular from Solesmes/  Second Circular from Solesmes/  Dom Pothier’s Memorandum/  Letters of Father de Santi and Father Holly/  The President’s Memorandum/  Third Circular from Solesmes/  . The First Letter from the Cardinal Secretary of State, April , /  New Memorandum from Dom Pothier/  Reply from Solesmes/  Father de Santi acting as moderator—Memorandum addressed to the Pope/  Fourth circular from Solesmes—Dom Pothier’s circular/  The Declaration of April /  . Dom Mocquereau in Rome /  Dom Mocquereau’s supporters and adversaries/  Papal Audience/  Dom Mocquereau at the Commission/  Audience with the Cardinal Secretary of State/  . The “De Santi Regulation” /  The Pope’s favorable opinion/  The Document/  The opinion of Don Mercati and of Father Ehrle/  . The “Mercati Regulation” /  Overhauling the document/  The situation grows worse/ 