Learn how to: ... Add disk. .......... .,.,, Upgrade to Power Mac Add multimedia peripherals Troubleshoot problems And much more! Upgrading and Repairing Macs Copyright© 1994 by Que® Corporation All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of /\merica. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quo tations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Making copies of any part of this book for any purpose other than your own personal use is a violation of United States copy right laws. For information, address Que Corporation, 201 W. 103rd St., Indianapolis, TN 46290-1097. Library of Congress Catalog No.: 94-67038 ISBN: 0-88022-960-8 This book is sold as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, re specting the contents of this book, including but not limited to implied warranties for the book's quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. Neither Que Corporation nor its dealers or distributors shall be liable to the purchaser or any other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. 97 96 95 94 4 3 2 Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double-digit number is the year of the book's printing; the rightmost single-digit number, the number of the book's printing. For example, a printing code of 94-l shows that the first printing of the book occurred in 1994. Publisher: David P. Ewing Associate Publisher: Corinne Walls Publishing Director: Lisa A. Bucki Managing Editor: Anne Owen Product Marketing Manager: Greg Wiegand Credits Publishing Manager Production Team Thomas H. Bennett Stephen Adams Angela Bannan Acquisitions Editor Stephen Carlin Nancy Stevenson Anne Dickerson Maxine Dillingham Product Director Chad Dressler Steven M. Schafer DiMonique Ford Production Editor Aren Howell Bob LaRoche Danielle Bird Beth Lewis Editors Stephanie Mineart Elsa Bethanis Wendy Ott Patrick Kanouse Nanci Sears Perry Heather Kaufman Beth Rago Maureen Schneeberger Kaylene Riemen Pamela Wampler Caroline Roop Clair Schweinler Technical Editors Michael Thomas Tina Trettin joe Cunningham Angie Ward Chip Moody Donna Winter Book Designer Lillian Yates Amy Peppier-Adams Indexer Cover Designer Rebecca Mayfield Dan Armstrong Editorial Assistants Technical Assistance Theresa Mathias Meb Boden Ruth Slates Composed in Stone Serif and MCPdigital by Que Corporation About the Authors Steve Uirchall has divided his time between music and technology throughout his life. He studied composition with Burrill Phillips, jeno Takacs, and john Cage and taught music at several small colleges. He has written two symphonies, concertos for various instruments, and much chamber music. After completing a Doctor of Musical Arts de gree in composition at the University of Cincinnati (with previous study at the Eastman School of Music and DePauw University), he became active in analog electronic music and multimedia productions. In the mid-1970s, before sampling and hard disk-based recording, he wrote a series or compositions (Frogdt-en/1/S, Souvenirs from Spain, and Post cards (ro111 Nova Scotia) using recorded sounds altered electronically and mixed with purely electronic sounds. Later, he worked in audio retailing and management. After that, he turned to magazine publishing and editing, serving as Assistant Editor at The A11dio A111nteur and Speaker 811ilder, Technical Editor of So(tSirle and Editor-in-Chief of Disital Audio. As a founding partner of Hottwitz & Associates, he works extensively in the Macintosh industry, and was involved in the launch of MncUser and the MacWnrel10use Catalog. l-Ie served as Secretary of the Boston Section of the Audio Engineering Society for four years, and was Chairman during 1993-1994. Shelly Urisbin is an Associate Editor at MncUser Magazine. Her areas of interest in clude: networking, telecommunications, the Internet and general Macintosh hardware. Brisbin has worked as a journalist, Macintosh consultant and system administrator since earning his Bachelor of journalism from the University of Texas at Austin in 1984. She is the author of more than 100 articles on the Mac, Unix systems and supercomputers. J•cter J. Durso has been writing about mainframe and personal computers for users since 1983. He worked for a major telecommunications company in the Northeast for 22 years, until late 1993. A Mac maven, a DOS/Winclows capable artist/techie, he now re sides in Wilmington, NC, with his wife and two daughters, where he plays great electric blues guitar whenever he can. Mike Kent is a computer consultant and former Macintosh systems leader at major Indiana newspapers. He has extensive experience in the publishing industry and has worked with publishers in the United States and Europe as a systems designer and trainer. He has written numerous articles for industry publications and currently works for The Indianapolis Star. Darien Kruss began mastering the technology of computers since 1981, when he pur chased his first Apple. Since the introduction of the Lisa in 1983, he kept pace with the entire line of Macintosh computers to become a recognized "guru" of the trade. His talents in course development, consulting, training, anti an understanding of the prepress environment are currently utilized by the vVace Resource Center in Chicago, IL. In his continuing pursuit of cutting-edge technologies, Darien is becoming more in volved in three-dimensional modeling, rendering, animation, and digital video projects. He has created several multimedia presentations for corporate use, and an interactive training program utilizing text, graphic, audio and video components. Darien is an active participant in several forums on CompuServe (76344, 1352) and America Online (Darien M). Jack McShea is a Macintosh developer, consultant and trainer whose firm, CINNABAI{ Macintosh, specializes in original Macintosh programming, hardware and software projects in networking and communications, and information systems based on the popular Macintosh and cross-platform databases. His interests in Macintosh go back to the days of the Macintosh Plus when he discovered that computers could be useful n11d interesting, and that a user-interface mattered. He remembers version 6.0.5 of the operating system as his favorite, when opening the case of a compact Mac was almost taboo, when SE/30s were roughly the cost of a new car (and offered all the performance any reasonable person could ask for), and when having lOMB in your Mac naturally referred to your hard drive and not your RAM. In addition, Mr. McShea consults and works as a trainer in !v1acintosh troubleshooting and configuration for large corporations, the government and the military. He is a certi fied instructor for Learning Tree International in Macintosh and telecommunications, a member of the Apple Solution Providers Network (ASPN) and still aclive in his local Us ers' group. He resides in Livingston, MT with his family. Tom Negriuo is a writer and Macintosh consultant, who has worked with the Macin tosh since its introduction in 1984. He is a Contributing Editor to Mocworld magazine, and he holds the same position at Digitnl Video magazine. He has also written for the late i\lfacG11ide and MacCOIIIfJIIting magazines. l-Ies served as both moderator and panelist on the conference faculty at the Macworld Exposition trade shows in San Francisco and Boston. Mr. Negrino has been a member of the Los Angeles i'v1acintosh Groups Board of Directors for the past several years. Prior to 1984, he worked in the film business as a videotape editor and production coor dinator for industrial films, music videos, ancl commercials. He currently lives in the Los Angeles area with his wife. Jeff Roback has been using the Macintosh since its release in 1984. He currently runs Praxis Computing, a Macintosh consulting company specializing in database develop ment. jeff welcomes your comments via CompuServe: 72615,10 I, American On l.ine: PRAXCOMP, or AppleLink: PRAXIS.DEV. Peter Stoller is a Los Angeles based Macintosh consultant and service technician, and is well known as a consultant to America Online's Macintosh Operating Systems forum. Also a professional songwriter ancl musician, he was introduced to the Macintosh through MIDI sequencing, ancl has never looked back. He would love to be able to just do Mac work, but he has to stick with music for the stability and steady income. Special Credit Que wishes to thank the fa/lowing for their contribution to this book: Meb Boden; Apple Computer, Inc. Carrie Berman at Apple Computer, Inc.; Christopher Rose; Bob Blechinger; Steve Knouse; Abbate Video, Inc.; Adobe; Advanced Gravis Com puter Technology; Aldus; Altec Lansing Multimedia; Altra; Anthro Corporation; Apple Computer, Inc.; APS Technologies; Arboretum Systems; Avid Technology; Boston Acous tics; Brady Publishing; Caere; Canon USA; CaSa; CODA Music Technology; Communica tions Intelligence; CoStar; Curtis Manufacturing; Data Translation; DayStar Digital; Digidesign; Digital Vision; Don Johnston, Inc.; Dr. T's Music Software; Dycam, Inc.; Eastman Kodak; Electronic Arts; Elographics; Farallon Computing, Inc.; FWB, Inc.; Glo bal Village Communications; Golin/Harris Communications, Inc.; Hewlett-Packard Co.; IBVA Technologies; Infogrip, Inc.; ]abra; Ken Grey; Kensington Microware, Ltd.; Lexicon; LightSource; Linotype-Hell Co.; Logitech; Macromedia; Mannesmann Tally Corporation; Mark of the Unicorn; Mass Microsystems; McLean PR; Medior; MicroNet Technology; Micropolis; MicroQue; Microtek; MicroTouch Systems; National Instruments; Nikon Eiectronic Imaging Dept.; Nova Development Corporation; Opcode Systems; Optronics; OSC; Passport Designs; PG Music; Phillips Brilliance, Makovsky Co.; PLI; Prentke Romich; Prometheus; QMS; Radius Inc.; RasterOps; Relax TechnoiO!,ry, Granite Digital; ScanCo; Seagate Technologies; Seiko Instruments USA; Sigma MultiMocle; Sonic Solutions; Spectra Group Limited; Spectral Innovations; Steinberg; Summagraphics; SuperMac Technology; Synex; Thunderware; Tiger Software; TPS Electronics; Truevision; UMAX Technologies; VideoFusion; VideoLabs; Videx; VPL Research; Wacom Technology; Xerox Imaging Sys tems. Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Que cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade mark or service mark. Contents at a Glance Introduction Fact Base: Networks and Fact Base: Macintosh Computers Communications 333 k System Software 5 14 NuBus and PDS Slots 335 1 Macs of the Past 7 15 Modems 341 2 Macs of Today 59 16 File Servers 355 3 Macs of the Future 109 17 LocalTalk and Ethernet 4 Overview of System Software 115 Networks 361 18 Connecting to UNIX and Other Operating Systems 381 19 Network Administration and Security 389 Fact Base: Peripherals 139 Upgrades 5 Connecting Peripherals 141 20 Duy New or Major Upgrade 399 6 Keyboards, Mice and Other 2L Measuring Performance 439 Input Devices 157 22 RAM: The First Thing To Add 485 7 Monitors 191 23 PowerPC Upgrades 543 8 Hard Disks 213 24 Video Upgrades 553 9 Printers 227 25 Adding Accelerator Cards 597 10 Removable Media 263 26 Adding Internal Disk Drives 617 11 Scanners and Electronic 27 Sound and Music 625 Cameras 277 28 Muitiplatform Operation 653 12 Multimedia Equipment 305 29 Software Upgrades 663 13 Voice Recognition Devices and AVMacs 323 Preventive Maintenance 671 Appendixes 905 30 Preventive Maintenance A Error Codes and Common Philosophy and Practice 673 Viruses 905 31 Hard Drive Backup and B Apple Parts and Upgrades 945 Optimization 693 Index 957 32 Virus Detection and Prevention 709 Troubleshooting & Repairing 33 Problem Isolation 34 Hardware Troubleshooting 729 35 Printing Pwblems 743 36 Hard Disk Problems 769 37 Floppy Drive Problems 789 38 SCSI Problems 797 39 Monitor Problems 807 40 Keyboard and Mouse Problems 827 41 Software Troubleshooting 837 42 System 7 Problems 849 43 System 6 Problems 861 44 Startup Sequence Problems 871 Contents Introduction 1 I Fact Base: Macintosh Computers & System Software 5 1 Macs of the Past 7 XL .................................................................................................................... 7 Overview .................................................................................................. 7 Internal Systems ...................................................................................... 8 External/Storage Systems ........................................................................ 8 128K and 512K ................................................................................................ 8 Overview ................................................................................................ 10 Internal Systems .................................................................................... 10 External/Storage Systems ...................................................................... 10 512Ke ............................................................................................................. 10 Overview ................................................................................................ 11 Internal Systems .................................................................................... 11 External/Storage Systems ...................................................................... 12 Plus ................................................................................................................ 12 Overview ................................................................................................ 12 Internal Systems .................................................................................... 13 h ternal/Storage Systems ...................................................................... 13 SE ................................................................................................................... 13 Overview ................................................................................................ 14 Internal Syste1ns .................................................................................... 14 External/Storage Systems ...................................................................... 14 11. .................................................................................................................... 15 Overview ................................................................................................ 1 5 Internal Systems .................................................................................... 16 External/Storage Systems ...................................................................... 16 llx ................................................................................................................... 16 Overview ................................................................................................ 16 Internal Systems .................................................................................... 17 External/Storage Systems ...................................................................... 17 SE/30 .............................................................................................................. 17 Overview ................................................................................................ 18 Internal Systen1s .................................................................................... 18 External/Storage Systems ...................................................................... 19