brous or slightly scaly, the rachis with long pro- Plants terrestrial. Stem short-creeping to erect. cessesatthebaseofthepinnaeontheadaxialside. Lamina 1-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, taper- Sori covered by an elongate indusium, on each ingtoapinnatifidapex,glabrousonbothsurfaces, side ofa vein, and continuous distally. with internal, pellucid (sometimes drying black) punctate glands. Pinnae commonly linear to nar- Wet forestsand rain forests, 110-900 m, Ama- rowly oblong, the apices long-acuminate and ser- zonas to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. rate.Rachisandcostaestramineoustobrown,scaly, Tropical America; Old World. the scales thin, flaccid, usually ending in a papil- This is a highly distinctive species, unusual in lose-glandulartip. Grooveofthecostae pubescent mm its pantropical distribution. In Peru, it has been within,thetrichomeslessthan0.1 long.Veins most commonly collected in Loreto. free to irregularly anastomosing, curved-ascend- ing,endingbehindthemargininaclavatetip.Sori Amazonas: Rio MaranonaboveCascadasde Mayasi, roundorslightlyoblongnearthecostae. Indusium Wurdack 2015 (GH, us). Serrania de Bagua, above La absent, but some species with an indusiumlike Peca, Harbour 2390 (MO). San Martin: Prov. Mariscal scale. Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, /. Schunke V. 6905 (F, MO, us).Prov.MariscalCaceres,CerroSantaCruz,/.Schunke V. 8036(MO,USM). Prov. Rioja, PedroRuiz-Moyabam- The genus contains about 25 species, with dis- ba, D. Smith 4430 (MO). Loreto: Rio Itaya, Soledad, tribution from southern Mexico to southeastern Killip & Smith 29768 (F, GH, us). Prov. Maynas, Yan- Brazil and the Antilles. The most distinctive fea- aVmdosnqaue,zMc4D4a0n0ie(MlO)1.61H9u5a(nGuHc)o.:AlTtionAgmoazMoarniaas,,AStnodrokas&, ture of Stigmatopteris is the internal punctate Morion9473(F,uc,us).Pasco:Prov.Oxapampa,vicin- glands. These glands are most easily seen when ity ofChequitavo, D. Smith 5263 (MO). Junin: Chan- the leafis held between the eye and a light, but chamayo Valley, C. Schunke 8 (F, us). Ucayali: Prov. arealsovisibleunderamicroscope(obliquelight) PColroownmealnPo&rtiKlleon,nbeedtywe5e7n6L8a(DF,ivGiHs)o.riCauzacnod:ElPrBoovq.ueQruoins,- as tiny, raised bumps. pichanchi, Punkiri, Vargas 15408, 16108 (GH). Madre deDios:Prov.Manu,Shintuya, Vargas17837(GH),Fos- teretal. 3143 (GH, us). References CHRISTENSEN,C. 1909. OnStigmatopteris,anew XI. Stigmatopteris genus offerns with a review ofits species. Bot. Tidssk., 29: 291-304. A Contributed by Robbin C. Moran CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. monograph ofthe ge- nus Dryopteris, part 1. The tropical American Stigmatopteris C. Chr., Bot. Tidsskr., 29: 292. pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske 1909. TYPE: Polypodiumflavopunctatum Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Afd., ser. 7, = 10: 53-282. Kaulf. Stigmatopterisrotundata(Willd.)C. A Chr.(AspidiumrotundatumWilld.).Figure11. CHRISTENSEN, C. 1920. monograph ofthe ge- nus Dryopteris, part 2. The tropical American DryopterissubgenusStigmatopteris(C. Chr.)C.Chr., bipinnate-decompoundspecies. Kongel. Danske Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvi- Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Afd., ser. 8, densk. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 73. 1913. 6: 1-132. Key to Species ofStigmatopteris a. Veins free b. Lamina 1-pinnate-pinnatifid FIG. 11. Stigmatopterisheterophlebia: a,habit; b,portionofpinna,abaxialside. Stigmatopterispellucidopunc- tata: c, portionsofpinna segments, adaxial side, (a, b fromMoran3165, Costa Rica, F, c from Brantetal. 1679, Colombia, F.) 42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. IV. 43 c. Pinnae cut ca. % to the costa 1. S. pellucidopunctata c. Pinnae entire or cut less than V4 to the costa 2. S. longicaudata b. Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid 3. S. lechleri a. Veins anastomosing d d. Rachis and costae densely puberulent 4. S. heterophlebia d. Rachis and costae lacking trichomes 5. S. opaca 1. Stigmatopteris pellucidopunctata (C. Chr.) C. PolypodiumlongicaudatumLiebm.,Kongel.Vidensk. Chr., Dot. Tidsskr. 29: 304. 1909. Figurelie. S1e8l4s9k..LSkErC.TNOaTtuYrPviEde(ndseks.ignAaftde.d,bsyerA..5R,.1S:mi2t0h9., Fl.Chiapas,part2:213. 1981):Mexico,Veracruz, Polypodium macrophyllum Hooker, Sp. fil. 4: 241. Baranca de Huitamalco, Liebmann Flora Mex. 1862,nom.illeg.,not(Blume)Mett. 1856.TYPE: 737(c-FolioHerbarium;ISOLECTOTYPE,K!). Peru, San Martin, Mt. Guayrapurima, August Dryopterislongicaudata(Liebm.)Maxon,Contr.U.S. 1856, Spruce 4720 (holotype, K.!; isotypes, BM!, Natl. Herb. 13: 18. 1909. o!, P!, us!; photos, F, GH, MO, NY, allofBM). Dryopterispellucido-punctataC. Chr., Index fil. 283. w1i9t0h5,tnheoms.amnoev.tyfpoer.P.macrophyllumHookerand Lamina 1-pinnate.Pinnaemostly 14-20cmlong and 2.0-2.5 cm broad, linearto narrowly lanceo- Lamina 1-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae 20-40 cm late, 12-20 pairs, the margins entire or with cre- long and 2.5-6 cm broad, 15-20 pairs, cut ca. % nate lobescut lessthan V4 to thecostae, the upper tothecosta,sessileorthebasalonesshort-stalked, pinnae adnate to the rachis with a conspicuous thestalk2-7 mmlong. Segments4-10mmbroad, decurrent tapering basal wing, lowemrmpinnae free, serrate at the apex, the margins entire, serrate or subsessile or stalked, the stalk 2-5 long. Ra- lobed. Rachis and costae stramineous or brown, chisandcostaeglabroustodenselyscaly,thescales scaly,thescalesovate,lanceolateorfiliform.Veins ovate to lanceolate, or (in Venezuela, Peru, and free, 7-14 per segment, unbranched or 1-forked Bolivia) linear and fibrillose. Veins free, 3-6 per with a short acroscopic branch bearingthe sorus. segment.Soriround,filiformscalespresentamong Sori round. thesporangiainplantsfromVenezuela, Peru,and Bolivia. Wet forests, 200-600 m, Amazonas, San Mar- tinC,oHluoamnbuicao;,EcPausacdoo,r;anPderMu;adBroleivdiea.Dios. Wet forests, 220-2100(-2500) m, San Martin, ThisspeciescloselyresemblesS. ichtiosma(So- Huanuco, Junin, Ucayali, Cuzco, and Madre de diro)C.Chr.,aspeciesknownonlyfromthewest- Dios. erncordilleraofEcuadorbutwhicheventuallymay SouthernMexico; Guatemala; CostaRica; Pan- be found in Peru. It differs from S. pellucido- ama; Venezuela; Peru; Bolivia. punctata by the presence ofa small, scalelike in- This species is distinctive in its decurrent, ta- dusium associatedwiththesorusandhavingonly peringwingsfromthepinnabases,whichareusu- lanceolate scales on the axes (i.e., it lacks filiform ally confluent in the distal V2 to !/3 ofthe lamina. scales). SanMartin:Mt.Guayrapurima,nearTarapoto,Spruce Amazonas: Prov. de Bagua, Quebrada Tambillo (be- 4012 (BM, G, K, P). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon & low km 280 ofMaranon road), valley ofRio Maranon Tryon5330(BM,F,GH).Junin:EofQuimiriBridge,near aboveCascadasdeMayasi, Wurdack2002(GH,us,USM). La Merced, Killip & Smith 23906 (NY, us). Ridge E of Huanuco: Fundo Chela, Sinchono, Aguilar 927 (USM). TingoMaria,Allard22558(us).Ucayali:Prov.Coronel Pasco: Paujil, near Puerto Bermudez, Leon 311 (USM). Portillo (as Loreto), Sinchono, cerca de la Divisoria, Madre de Dios: Prov. ManWu, Atalaya, vicinity ofHa- Aguilar861(GH,USM).Sinchono(asLoreto),entreTingo ciendaAmazonia,2-3km ofvillage,Foster& Wach- Maria y Pucallpa, Aguilar865 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. Pau- ter 7437(MO, USM). cartambo,CosnipataValley,RioTono,firstfoothillridge on road N ofPatria, Wachteret al. 200 (F). Madre de D1i0o-s1:5PkrmovN. NMaWnuo,fSCheirnrtouyad,etPraanntsieacctotlolar,idRgietoopP,aFlootsotae,r 2. Stigmatopteris longicaudata (Liebm.) C. Chr., etal. 10908(F).ParqueNacionaldelManu,CochaCashu Bot. Tidsskr. 29: 300. 1909. Biological Station, FosterP-84-91 (F). 44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY 3. Stigmatopterislechleri(Mett.)C.Chr.,Kongel. Lamina 1-pinnate. Pinnae 10-16(-18) cm long Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. and 2.5-3.5( 4.5)cm broad, widestat ornearthe Afd., ser. 8, 6: 28. 1920. base,themarginsentiretocrenate,thebaseadnate and decurrent to or nearly to the next pinna pair, PhegopterislechleriMett.,Fil.lechl.2:25. 1859.TYPE: free pinnae pairs 1-3, the basal pinnae usually Peru, Puno, "St. Gaban" (San Gaban), Lechler somewhatreduced,widestnearthemiddle,stalked, 2497(holotype, B!; frag., BM!). thestalk24mmlong.Rachisandcostaetan,light Polynpoomd.iuimllpegu.,ncntoatt(uLm.)HSowoakretrz,, S1p8.02f.il.L4E:C26T2O,T1Y86P2E, brown, or stramineomums, puberulent and scaly, the (designated by Christensen, Kongel. Danske Vi- hairs less than 0.1 long, erect,mcampitate-glan- densk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk.Afd., ser. 7, 10: dular (when fresh), the scales to 3 long, lan- GI79uS.aOyLr1Ea91pC3uT)r:OiTmPYae,PruEA,Su,gSuaGs!nt, PM!1;a8r5pt6hi,ont,Sosp,rTauFrc,aeMpo4Ot7oo1,f9KM)(K.t.!.; culeaorllayt.e,Sonroitdfiisbcrrielltoeseo.rVceoinnfsluaennatswthoemroesitnhge ivreriengs- PolypodiumprasinumBaker,Syn.fil.312. 1867,nom. anastomose. nov. forPolypodiumpunctatumHookerandwith the sametype. Wet forests, 100-1900 m, Loreto. Dryopterisprasina(Baker)C.Chr.,Indexfil.285. 1905. Nicaragua to Peru. StigmVaitdoepntsekr.isSperlasski.naSk(rB.akNeart)uCr.viChdre.n,sKko.ngAedfl..,Dsaenr.sk7e, Differingfrom theclosely relatedS. alloeoptera 10: 79. 1913. (Kunze) C. Chr., which grows in Venezuela and StigmatopterisecuadorensisC. Chr., Kongel. Danske Colombia, by the glandular hairs on the axes and Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Afd., ser. 8, fewer pinna pairs. 6: 29. 1920. TYPE: Ecuador (Andes ofQuito), Sodiro(holotype, B!; isotypes, BM!, P). Loreto: Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga below Yuri- maguas, Killip& Smith 28984(NY). Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae 25-40cm longand 5-15 cm broad, widest at the base. Pin- nules 4-10 cm long and 1.0-2.3 cm broad, nar- rowly lanceolate-triangular, sessile to broadly ad- 5. Stigmatopteris opaca (Baker) C. Chr., Kongel. nateanddecurrent,thelobesoblongtorectangular, Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. entire to serrate apically. Rachis and costae stra- Afd., ser. 7, 10: 78. 1913. mineous orbrown, scaly, the scales linear ornar- brorwalnychterdianogrularra,retloyrtu(oinus,thfeibrlialrlgoseer. sVeegimnesntusn)- MeniKEs!cc;uiapuhdmootroo,spA,ancBduMe,msGBoHaf,keQurus,i,tJoa.,llBSoootfd.iK)r1.o665.4/1387(7h.olToYtPypEe:, branched, nearlyreachingthemargin.Soriround. PolypodiumoligophlebiumBaker, Syn. fil. ed. 2, 506. 1874, nom. illeg., notKunze, 1850.TYPE:Peru, Wet forests, 200-1700 m, San Martin, Huanu- San Martin, Tarapoto, Cerrode Guayrapurima, co, Pasco, and Puno. DryopStperruicsech4r6is5t3ii(Ch.olCohtry.p,e,InKd!)e.x fil. 257. 1905, nom. Costa Rica; Venezuela; Colombia; Ecuador; nov. forMeniscium opacum, and with the same Peru. type, notDryopterisopaca(Don)C. Chr. 1905. This species, with its 2-pinnate-pinnatifid lam- DryopterispaucinervataC.Chr., Indexfil. 283. 1905, ina, is the most finely divided in the genus. annodm.wintohv.thfeorsPaomleyptyopdei.um oligophlebium Baker, MPaojHrouanaannlu,3c6noo9:r6t2h(5MoOkf,mCUhSeNMq)Eu.itoPafavsTocio,n:DgP.orSoMvma.irtiOhax,a5p0La8am2Dp(iaMv,Oi)sG.orriaan, notLavmiisinbale.1-Ppiinnnnaatee,1o2p-a2q7uec,mthleonigntaenrndal3-g5lancdms broad,widestatorjustabovethebase,themargins entiretocrenate,thebasesessile,theupperpinnae withashortdecurrentbase,thebasalpinnaenear- 4. Stigmatopteris heterophlebia (Baker) R. C. lyequallingtheabovepinnae,widestnearthemid- Moran, comb. nov. Figure lla-b. dle, sessile. Rachisand costae lackinghairs, scaly, thescaleslanceolatetolinearoramorphous.Veins Polypodium heterophlebium Baker, J. Bot. 22: 363. anastomosing,thoseofthesterileleafwithasingle g1u8n8a4,.3T0Y5PmE,:HCaorsrtiasoRnic5a9,(Phroolvo.typuen,kKn!o).wn, La- excurrentvein projectingfromtheapexwherethe Dryopteris heterophlebia (Baker) C. Chr., Index fil. two lateral veinsjoin. Sori round, oblong, or ar- 270. 1905. cuate. TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. IV. 45 2mm ""Oaf 5cm FIG. 12. Cyclodium trianae: a, lamina; b, stem and petiolebase. Cyclodium meniscioidesvar. meniscioides: c, laminaapex; d. fertilepinna; e, sori. (a, bfromEllenberg3257, Ecuador,GH; c, d fromFiebrig6344, Paraguay, F, e from Schunke V. 5610, F.) 46 FIELDIANA: BOTANY